A Progressive Learning App for Children that are behind Assignment

A Progressive Learning App for Children that are behind - Assignment Example Nevertheless, very few domestic businesses operate in retail food sectors as luxurious restaurant like multinational food chains present in this market. Therefore, future growth of this new business has been identified after detailed analysis of business environment, market trend and consumer behavior. The main objective its marketing strategy would be to position the brand as luxurious restaurant with a touch of western culture. To develop a brand the company also needs to offer varieties of dishes considering the domestic culture and food habits and also popular foreign recipes. 2.0 Situation Analysis 2.1 Market Summary Market of BiCE refers to the potential customers who would be interested in consuming high quality Italian food with premium services. The defined market also covers the purchasing power of the target customers and the product and service offered by the company are permitted by the laws and regulation. The company faces demand of its product and services from a nich e market only then it can gradually work towards achieving greater market share by following the trends and demands of the market. According to the Economic Report of 2012-2013 of the UAE the Hotels and Restaurants sector held almost 1.7% of the market during 2010 and 1.7% in the following year. The sector was worth 22 Billion AED during 2010 and a slight increase in the value happened in 2011. Moreover the market exhibited a price increase in the eatery and non-alcoholic beverages segment which was 4.45% during 2010 and reached 5.87% during 2011 (Annual Economic Report, 2012). The service sector of UAE illustrated continuous decline throughout 2012, 2013 and appear to decline in 2014. The given diagram represents the same- The growth of the Oil sector has been assumed to slow... From this discussion it is clear that  United Arab Emirates has been enjoying modern, diversified and growing retail food sector over the years. Increasing development of new hypermarkets in last few years is the key driver for rapid growth in retail food sector. 90% of the total consumed food especially food ingredients s outsourced from markets and processed in this market. Therefore the domestic firm has huge opportunities in food market of UAE. Consequently, the people have high disposable income and for this reason they are very much reluctant to pay higher price for food if it is presented in a luxurious way and environment.   Nevertheless, very few domestic businesses operate in retail food sectors as luxurious restaurant like multinational food chains present in this market.  As the paper highlights market of BiCE refers to the potential customers who would be interested in consuming high quality Italian food with premium services. The defined market also covers the pur chasing power of the target customers and the product and service offered by the company are permitted by the laws and regulation. The company faces demand of its product and services from a niche market only then it can gradually work towards achieving greater market share by following the trends and demands of the market.  BiCE will offer a complete package of Italian foods which will satisfy the variety seeking group of customers.

The Second Amendment Essay Example for Free

The Second Amendment Essay America has given many rights and has offered protection to US citizens. Like the second amendment states, â€Å"The right of people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. † However many riots and shootings have recently broke out in the last couple of years. So therefore the right to bear arms has been taken advantage of and as lead to many malicious events like The Columbine Shootings, Virginia Tech, Aurora Shooting, and New Town Shootings. In 1999, a failed bombing which turned into a shooting occurred at Columbine High School. This event is known as the Columbine Shootings in which two high school seniors, by the name of Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, were involved. According to an article â€Å"7 Myths about the Columbine Shooting† by Trevin Wax, both convicts seemed like regular teenagers that, â€Å"attended football games, dances, and school plays†¦ [they were not] part of a street gang or known to dress in gothic style,† but they had been arrested a couple of months before for stealing. They also seemed to be part of the Trench Coat Mafia, which were a group of students dressed in black coats that were against school bullies. Since Eric and Dylan were targets of bullying, they both decided on a plan to get revenge on the people who were mean to them last year. So for that whole year, both teenagers gathered up materials to carry out their plan. They had been researching, building pipe bombs, and purchasing guns from their older friends who were unaware of what the consequences could lead to. Their plan for revenge was to blow up Columbine’s cafeteria by placing â€Å"explosives to kill about 100 people. † However that was not enough for their plan. They decided that once the explosives go off inside the school, they would be waiting outside and shoot the remaining students and teachers that would come out of the school, trying to escape. However, everything didn’t go as they expected. The bombs that they had placed inside school never went off, so therefore Eric and Dylan just decided to go in and shoot whoever they could. They had no specific range; everyone was a target to them. After killing twelve students, one teacher, and injuring 24 others, Eric and Dylan pointed their weapons towards hemselves and committed suicide. They were both found dead on the floor, fully armed, and with their explosives around them. According to Eric and Dylan’s journals, they didn’t expect to come out of there alive. They knew they would end up dead from either police bullets or by their own hand. So committing suicide or ending up dead was part of their risky plan. The Columbine Shooting in April of 1999 is one of the most violent and memorable shootings to occur in American’s high school. It is heart-breaking to see how far bullying can reach to. Because Eric and Dylan had such high temper, they felt as if they needed to get revenge on everybody who ever brought their confidence down by killing them, and illegal weapons were their first reaction. Even though teenagers aren’t allowed to purchase guns, Eric and Dylan had access to them due to irresponsible private gun sellers. Now a day, people are trying to argue that placing restrictions on the 2nd amendment is against the US Constitution and that it’s violating their rights. However risky behaviors and actions, like the Columbine Shootings have shown that restrictions over gun control are needed for safety reasons due to the fact that it has gotten out of control. Society, in the few previous years, has shown how they cannot be trusted with illegal weapons. If every single person owned a gun in the US, then this country would not be a safe place to live in. When an individual is mad, they usually react in a violent way and can make irresponsible decisions, like pull out a gun on somebody. So placing restrictions on the right to bear arms is necessary. The government should make it clear that the second amendment was written for self-defense and not to motivate society to kill each other. Another event that will forever be etched in the memory of all Americans is the day of April 16th, 2007. On April 16th, 2007 32 people lost their life’s and 17 others were left severely injured in the hands of the gunmen Seung-Hui Cho. Today this incident is known as the Virginia Tech Shootings. The Virginia Tech shooting is known as the deadliest mass murder by single gunmen. The event happened as follows: The first killings began at 7: 15 a. . in West Ambler Johnston Residence Hall, two people in the same dorm as Cho, were the victims. At 9:26, more than two hours after the first killings began did the school decide to notify the students via email that the shootings had occurred. By that time it was too late for the students and teachers having class to escape the fury of Cho. Cho chained the doors shut in the building known as Norris Hall; he also decided to leave a bomb threat if anyone decides to come in. The shootings took place on the second floor of the building. The second shooting left 30 people left and over fifteen injured. The victims were caught off guard and killed by a senseless act of evil. After the damage had been done the police break into Norris Hall, police officers not only find the bodies of the victims but they also find the body of the perpetrator. Cho had taken his own life after noticing that the officers were coming into the building. With the killer dead many questions of why the massacre took place were left unanswered. As it turns out Cho mailed a package to the NBC network between the first and the second shooting. The package contained many irrelevant towards the massacre that is except one letter. That letter basically said that he was tired of the rich kids around him; he blames them for what took place. Cho also compares himself as being like Eric and Dylan from the Columbine Shootings. Ironically like Eric and Dylan Cho also went through bullying as a teen himself. In fact Cho was considered mentally ill, but when applying to Virginia Tech he did not inform the school about his special needs. Virginia Tech is a perfect of how The Second Amendment has failed to do what it was intended to do. As stated before The Second Amendment clearly states as follows: A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. † Most people will interpret The Second Amendment differently than what it truly was meant to mean. A lot of people are very protective of their right to bear arms but the truth of the matter is that the second amendment was meant to prevent the government from becoming a threat to society. The Second Amendment has allowed almost anyone to be in possession of a gun and in return has caused deadly massacres to ccur. It is obvious that Cho was mentally ill yet he was not denied the right to have a gun. The second Amendment was made to fit the time period of 1791 and it should respectively be altered to today’s day and time. It is not fair to the public to be on guard all of the time in case of another mass shooting. There should be extensive background checks in order for a person to come in contact with a gun. No mentally ill person or any criminal should be allowed to be in possession of any firearms for the safety of everyone around them. The Second Amendment should not be omitted but it definitely needs to be altered in order to prevent any extensive damage than what has already been done. Gun Control laws are desperately needed to stop these crimes from taking over. In 2012 the Aurora and Newtown Shootings, to name a few, have taken the life of innocent people. The Second Amendment has done the opposite of what it was originally meant to do, which was just for defense. How many more Newtown’s and Columbines need to happen in order to see the reality. The NRA (National Rifle Association) needs to be aware of the intensity of the situations that are taking place. Omitting the Second Amendment would be against the Constitution yet altering it for the safety of the public is not. Gun Control is a crucial thing and not unconstitutional! Another example of why The Second Amendment has failed to do what it was intended to do is the incident now known as the Aurora shooting. On July 20, 2012, a mass shooting occurred at a movie theater during a midnight screening of the dark knight rise, in Aurora, Colorado. Killed 12 people and leaving 58 injured. The police identified him James Eagan Holmes, as the shooter. It is said that he bought a ticket and entered the theater. He sat in the front row and after 20 min into the film he exited the building through an emergency exit door and kept it slightly open with a rock. Then to return 30 min later into the film around 12:38, the police say, from his car that was parked near the exit door, he changed into protective gear wearing a gas mask. The audience didn’t at first considered him a threat because they assumed he was wearing a costume also like the others that dress up for the screening. Some also thought that he was playing a prank or he was part of a special effects installation set up for the films premiere as a publicity stunt. The gunman then threw a canister releasing a gas obscuring the audiences’ vision. He then started to fire a shot gun, semi-automatic rifle and finally a Glock 22 handgun at the audience, first at the back, then toward the people in the aisles. Around 12:45 am, police detained Holmes behind the cinema next to his car. He even told the police that his apartment was booby-trapped with explosive devices, so if anyone tried to open his door, the entire apartment would explode. James Holmes was described by those that knew him as a doctoral student, who was quiet and responsible; an image that confuses us with the man that opened fire at the movie theater. Holmes was a scholarship student who attended the University of California, Riverside, in 2006 and graduated with highest honors with a bachelor’s degree in 2010, later enrolling at University of Colorado School of medicine, as a doctoral candidate. The university police state that they have no record of having contact with him but only for a speedy summons. The biggest mystery around the 24-year-old doctoral student was why he did it, as a police allege. Holmes didn’t appear to have any social media contact. A along time neighbor told the authorities that he was to believe that he were just a â€Å"normal kid†. â€Å"You would never guess he was a violent guy,† Mitchell said describing Holmes as a â€Å"nerdish† and â€Å"a book-smart type guy. † Lynne Fenton, a psychiatrist who treated accused Colorado theater gunman James Holmes, stated that Holmes made a remark on June 11, about fantasizing about killing â€Å"a lot of people,† six weeks before the shooting. He rejected the offer to be confined for 72 hours. No one knew that he was actually mentally ill other than the psychiatrist that treated him. After the shooting the Colorado gun sales spiked, with number of background checks for those who seek to purchase a firearm, the increased also occurred in Washington, Florida, California and Georgia. The shooting reignited the political debate on gun control with one of the issues being â€Å"easy Access. † â€Å"There is a common thread that we see in these massacres,† said State Representative Rhonda Fields, a Democrat from Aurora who sponsored both pieces of legislation and whose son was shot to death in 2005. They’re using high-capacity magazines so they can unleash as many bullets as they can, to kill as many people as they can, in our schools, our theaters and our churches. † It is sad that as a country we have come to the point of self destruction. We have seen over the years the violence getting worse there need to be some kind of stop to it all, somekind of control taken by the government. The right to bear arms has now effected the new generation. About three months ago there was a shooting in Newtown Connecticut at Sandy Hook Elementary school . A act done in revenge to Adam Lanza mother, ended up killing twenty children and six adults. On December 14, 2012 a gun man named Adam Lanza came into sandy hook elementary and began to open fire towards the classrooms . The principle ran out once she heard gunshots once Lanza spotted them he then approached them and killed them. He then made his way into the office while an office administration was on the intercom telling the kids and faculty to take cover. He makes his way in and shoots them and all the kids hear it. He then makes his way into a first grade class where there was a sub and although she attempted to hide the children he killed all of the students besides a six year old girl. It has been told that the only way the little girl made it thru the shooting was playing died and stayed still till she heard no nose. The gunman then went into another first grade class with a teacher by the name of Victoria told the gun man that her kid where in the auditorium. Many of the kids ran out of the hiding place trying to escape the room and Lanza the shot them dead. Out of that class only six children were able to escape. Many of the teachers and faculty along with kids had a near death experience. One of the teachers saw two kids in the hallway on their way to the office and pulled those kids to safety. Along with the Liberian helping saved fourteen kids life by putting them in a lock that had a door that no one could get in without the lock. Although most of the kids and faculty was in first grades this sad day took a toll on not only the school, city but the whole nation. After this many students did not feel safe going back to school as parents were scared to send them back. The debate over whether to enhance restrictions on firearms has become a contentious focal point of state legislative sessions around the country this year. The Aurora shooting is a perfect example on how restrictions on gun control would have helped prevent anything related to that matter from ever happening. Yes although the second amendment states we have the right to bear there should be gun control laws that prevent any mentally ill person from purchasing any fire arms. If that had taken place Virginia Tech, Newtown and the Aurora Theater shooting would have been prevented.

Ripng Ospfv3 And Eigrpv6 In Ipv6 Information Technology Essay

Ripng Ospfv3 And Eigrpv6 In Ipv6 Information Technology Essay A working model of the purpose is implemented in Packet Tracer and it illustrates how routing can be achieved between to dissimilar routing domains. It highlights both positive and negative aspects like full visibility and potential routing loops consequently. Findings Access lists can be used to avoid routing loops. More study is needed when OFPF is redistributed into RIP-EIGRP combination. Originality/value this paper addresses how different routing protocol domains can be interconnected and enjoy the full visibility of routers that belongs to different routing protocols Keywords EIGRPv6, RIPng, OSPFv3, redistribution, Administrative Distance, Access list, routing loops Introduction Though IPv4 is proved as one of the dominant network layer protocol which has been in use for last 3 decades since its development in 1981 (RFC 791), people still find a need for an enhanced and better protocol due to the ever growing networks. When IPv4 address scheme was made, developers did not give a thought that internet would explode and expand too rapidly as we see the current picture of networks today. To slow down the depletion of address space, IPv4 protocol was further updated in 1993 and started using as classless (CIDR) (RFC 1519) which was failed to be adequate enough as a long term solution for conserving IP addresses. As the architecture of IPv4 has been subjected to changes, so the underneath routing protocols like RIP, OSPF, IGRP, EIGRP, BGP, IS-IS etc. are also been updated or reformed in order to have better routing and converged networks. In 1994, NAT was came up with public address and private address concept and succeeded to a great extent in conserving the IPv 4 addresses (RFC 1631). A report generated by IANA predicted that IPv4 would completely run out of available addresses by 2011 (Potaroo, 2011). In 1998 December, a new internet protocol, IPv6, is proposed with Expanded Address Capabilities, support for hierarchy in addressing, simplified header format and support for real-time services like IPTV (RFC 2460). Just like in IPv4, IPv6 (routed protocol) is also dependent on routing protocols to route the packets. Since 1997, networking groups started developing routing protocols to support IPv6 and they successfully standardized RIPng, OSPFv3, EIGRPv6, BGPv6 and IS-ISv6 in the subsequent years. These protocols are developed for 128 bit address and better security, without having much difference to their counterparts in IPv4. We cannot expect entire network to be operated by a single type of dynamic routing protocol. Depending upon size of network and requirements, administrator may choose relevant routing protocol still maintaining full connectivity among the nodes in network. The possible solutions are using static routes or deploying mutual redistribution among different protoc ol domains. As IPv4 routing protocols, RIPv2, OSPFv2 and EIGRP are well established, there are minimal redistribution issues among them. Whereas in case of IPv6 there is good amount of scope to understand and research on practical issues that arise when mutual redistribution is applied among them. Following sections of document deals with review of RIPng, OSPFv3 and EIGRPv6 individually and a practical implementation in packet tracer is shown. Later sections demonstrate how Administrative Distance (AD) of a dynamic routing protocol create loops or route to infinity and how access-list can be applied in order to avoid them. RIPng RIPng is developed in 1997 and it uses Ford-Fulkerson algorithms. And nevertheless to mention, RIPng is a distance vector protocol which depends on route on rumor, just like its earlier versions. RIPng is best suited for smaller size networks having hop count limited to 15. Beyond 15, any router would be considered as unreachable (RFC 2080). For every 30 seconds, entire Database of routing information is being exchanged and this could be keep networks always processing data. It uses hold down timer prevent route loops when a router or a particular interface of a router, or a network goes down. Split horizon is another concept which is enabled by default in cisco routers help preventing routing loops. Trigger updates are generated when there is a change in the topology to have better convergence. One of the reasons for slower convergence when compared to link-state routing protocols is when an update is being multicasted to the neighbors, first they sniff the packet, analyze and then make changes to TTL field, metric and then forward the packet to next hop. Because of this update packet spends notable amount of time at every node and hence convergence is slower as shown below. Fig: forwarding process in RIPng The main drawbacks of this protocols is higher convergence time, limited number of router in routing domain and high amount of traffic for administration and maintenance. Below is another screenshot from the working model which depicts the RIPng routing domain. OSPFv3: RFC2740 is proposed and standardized for OSPF that supports IPv6 networks in 1999. As its previous versions, OSPFv3 came up with many of its fundamental concepts like support for areas, flooding, and algorithm (Dijkstra) for calculating shortest path first (SPF), Designated and Backup Designated router selection intact. Changes are done to accommodate new IP address format which is 128 bit one. OSPF in IPv6 networks run on per-link basis where as it is per-IP-subnet based in IPv4. And the main difference is authentication is removed from OSPF protocol itself as IPv6 got its own Authentication Header and Encapsulating Security Payload (RFC 2740). OSPF form adjacency with attached routers and work in areas. A router can have many instances of OSPF process and hence inter connecting more nodes which belongs to more than one area as shown in the below screenshot from the working model of packet tracer. Fig3: OSPFv3 and Inter-Area connections OSPF uses hello packets and to make sure of adjacency. For every 10 seconds, OSPF enabled router sends hello packets to neighbors and in case if does not get reply for hello in four times the hello interval that particular adjacent node is announced as dead and accordingly updates will be sent to the affected nodes only. OSPF does not process the update packet before forwarding. Hence convergence time is very low even in a big network. Even though SPF algorithm looks simple, it involves complex calculation and hence it requires large amount of resources i.e CPU memory and time. OSPF is best suited to deploy in larger networks. EIGRPv6: EIGRP is ciscos proprietary protocol and works only in cisco routers. EIGRPv6, like its previous version, uses Diffusion Algorithm (DUAL) to make network really loop-free. Though EIGRP is categorized as distance vector protocol, it carries features from link-state model and hence EIGRP deals with neighbor and topology databases. Like RIP, EIGRPv6 does not send its entire database to the adjacencies which would create lot of administrative traffic. EIGRPv6 maintains installs both successor and feasible successor routes in the topology table. Whenever the successor route goes down, within no time, it installs feasible successor into the routing table and hence convergence is very fast in EIGRPv6. It generates triggers whenever there is a change in the topology. Just like OSPF, EIGRP can run multiple instances of the process and hence work in multiple process domains. EIGRPv6 uses bandwidth and delay for calculating metric as default parameters and user can change this metric by includi ng reliability and load. Below is the screenshot of EIGRPv6 routing domain with backup routes (Netacad, 2011). Fig4: EIGRPv6 domain Redistribution: Using a routing protocol to advertise routes that are learned by some other means, such as by another routing protocol, static routes, or directly connected routes, is called redistribution (Cisco, 2011). Though it is recommended to use single routing protocol throughout the network, in some scenarios it may be required to advertise routes of a particular routing protocol domain to a different routing protocol domain, especially when organizations merge, or multiple departments merge. Every routing protocol has its own way of calculating and using metric for routing packets. RIPng uses hop count as metric, OSPF is based on Bandwidth and EIGRP use Bandwidth, delay, reliability, load and MTU to calculate metric. As metric plays key role in redistribution, it needs to be set along with CLI commands of redistribution. Care must be taken to advertise correct metric while redistributing. Following is the screenshot from working model. For illustration purpose let us focus on redistribution between EIGRP and RIP routing protocol domains. Fig: Mutual redistribution between EIGRPv6 and RIPng Routers in the EIGRP domain neither reach nor have the visibility of routers deployed in RIP domain. The common point between these routing domains is called edge router and this router run both RIPng and EIGRPv6. We need to enable mutual redistribution on these edge routers. When we configure the edge router with following configuration, routes of RIP protocol domain will be learned by routers in the EIGRP protocol domain with the specified metric. In the same way when we issue the following configuration on the edge router, routes of EIGRP will be distributed into RIP protocol domain and RIP speaking routers learns about EIGRP routes with specified metric. We can find if redistribution successfully imported routes into adjacent routing domain by observing the route entries of IPv6. All native routes are either marked as C or D representing directly connected and EIGRP routes respectively. Whereas distributed routes are marked as EX exterior EIGRP routes with administrative distance of 170 and calculated metric to the respective network. The same can be observed in the following screenshot. Each and every router in both the domains has full visibility to any other router and the same can be checked in the working model of packet tracer using ping command. In the same way multi-area OSPF protocol domain is configured with the below shown configuration having Area0 as backbone area and Area1 and Area2 are connected to backbone area on both the sides. Now configure mutual redistribution between OSPF into RIP. Routes should be updated accordingly and full connectivity must be established between any two nodes in the packet tracer. When OSPF routes are redistributed into a system having RIP and EIGRP, all the routers are not converged and formations of routing loops are suspected. This will be discussed in the following sections. Note: After launching the packet tracer, it is recommended to wait for 1-2 minutes before pinging any node as it takes some time for converging. Administrative Distance contributing to routing loops: As each dynamic routing protocol has its own way of calculating metric, they cannot be used to compare routes. This can be taken care by Administrative Distance as it represents the degree of reliability of a route. Most preferable routes are chosen based on the AD. Lower the AD, better the reliability and precedence will be given to that route. Static routes got preference over any other route as AD for static route is 0. In the same way Interior EIGRP got AD of 90, OSPF is of 110, RIP is of 120 and finally Exterior EIGRP is of 170. A close observation of EIGRP domain says that it got redundant paths introducing possibility for routing loops. R2 and R4 learn about network 2006::0/64 (which is highlighted in red) through RIPng and advertise this information into EIGRP domain when redistribution is applied. Using EIGRPv6, R2 learns about network 2006::0/64 from R1 or R4 and R4 learns the same network from R1, R5 or R2. As EIGRP has less Administrative Distance (90) than RIP (120), the EIGRP route is the one used in the routing table causing routing loop. Even techniques like split horizon is used, still these networks suffer from convergence problem. When EIGRP is redistributed into RIP this problem gets more worsen as R3 learns about 2006::0/64, which is a directly connected network, from other routers. Solution to this problem is using access lists to deny routing updates of 2006::0/64 into its own routing domain i.e RIP. Following shown configuration applied on both R2 and R4 describes how to set access-list. After access lists are applied on edge routers, both domains become fully converged with full reachability. Insufficient route updates will happen when redistribution is applied between RIP and OSPF domains. Potential reasons for this problem are yet to be known and further study is required. Packet tracer 5.3 does not support tracert for IPv6 networks and sometimes it causing the application to crash. CONCLUSION: In the stand still mode, each routing domain is fully converged and any node can ping any other node inside the routing domain. When RIP and EIGRP are mutually redistributed into each other, potential route loops and insufficient route tables are observed because of Administrative Distance. These problems are attended by using access list with permit and deny commands. After applying access lists on edge routers, EIGRP and RIP are fully converged and full connectivity is established. Insufficient route tables are observed with OSPF redistribution into RIP and the causes of this problem are yet to be studied. Simulation tool, Packet tracer 5.3, needs to be updated as when IPv6 networks are simulated two things are observed. One, application is getting crashed frequently without any reason and the second is tracert is not supported for IPv6 networks. This model could be further used to analyze QoS and path vector protocols like BGP and IS-IS and to examine how networks behave in Autono mous Systems (AS). [1]RFC 791, http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc791.txt, Last accessed 14-01-2011 [2] RFC 1519, ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc1519.txt, Last accessed 14-01-2011 [3] RFC 1631, ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc1631.txt, Last accessed 14-01-2011 [4] Potaroo 2010, IPv4 Address report, http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/, Last accessed 14-01-2011 [5] RFC 2460, ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2460.txt, Last accessed 14-01-2011 [6] RFC 2080, ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2080.txt, Last accessed 14-01-2011 [7] RFC 2740, ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2740.txt, Last accessed 14-01-2011 [8] Netacad 2011, https://auth.netacad.net/idp/Authn/NetacadLogin, Last accessed 14-01-2011 [9]Cisco 2011, http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/technologies_tech_note09186a008009487e.shtml, Last accessed 14-01-2011

A Mothers Dream for her Daughter in Amy Tans Two Kinds Essay

A Mother's Dream for her Daughter in Amy Tan's Two Kinds Amy Tan's short story, "Two Kinds" begins with a brief introduction to one mother's interpretation of the American dream. The Chinese mother who lost her family in her native homeland now hopes to recapture part of her loss through her daughter. Those of us who are parents want what is best for our children. We strive to make our children's futures better. In some cases, when our own dreams have either been destroyed or not realized, we project our dreams and wishes on our children. In "Two Kinds", Amy Tan tells of such a story through the eyes of a young girl who initially mimics her mother's dreams but ultimately rebels against them. Tan's use of a common theme that most parents can relate to expresses the frustrations that parents and children feel when obsession takes the place of nurturing. In the beginning the young girl, Ni Kan is "just as excited" as her mother about the idea of becoming a prodigy (528). She imagines herself in different roles and believes that once she has achieved her status as a prodigy, her mother and father will adore her and she will "become perfect" (528). Ni Kan may feel that she will not be loved completely by her parents if she does not achieve the status her mother has set for her. It is natural for any young child to want to please a parent that has taken special interest in them. Ni Kan feels that her "prodigy side" is saying to her, "If you don't hurry up and get me out of here, I'm disappearing for good" (528). This may indicate that Ni Kan is becoming impatient about becoming a prodigy and she fears that if it does not happen soon she will "always be nothing" in her mother's eyes (528). Tan reinforces this feeling in the story... ...aughter. In the story, Ni Kan stated that, "It was enough that she had offered it to me" and that it had made her "feel proud, as if it were a trophy I had won back" (535). The author also seems to use a piece of music to reflect how Ni Kan has felt about the conflict with her mother. After the death of her mother, Ni Kan looks through the music at the piano. She finds two pieces of music opposite each other in the book. The first piece is "Pleading Child" and the second is "Perfectly contented". These two titles suggest the emotions of Ni Kan as a child and her emotions now as an adult. These emotions are symbolically brought together when Ni Kan realizes "they were two halves of the same song" (535). Works Cited: Tan, Amy. "Two Kinds". Literature, Reading Reacting,Writing. 5th ed. Ed. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. Boston: Heinle, 2004. 527-535.

Main Factors of Lesson Plan Papers Essay

Main Factors of Lesson Plan PapersWhen addressing a classroom without goals, objectives, and a clear path is an obvious mistake that any teacher could make. The greatest idea will fall flat without understanding what to consider when lesson planning, and as we know all lessons require knowing how to reach specific students and how to respond to their needs as a student. Outlined in this paper is the Framework for Teaching, Core propositions, comparison of framework and propositions, main factors to consider when lesson planning, and how to identify the difference between goals and objectives, as well as observable and measurable objectives. Charlotte Danielson’s Enhancing Professional Practice: A Framework for Teaching (2007), Danielson used the Praxis III assessment and created organized responsibilities for teachers. Within this, there are four domains that were covered in The Framework for Teaching; planning and preparation, classroom environment, instruction and, professio nal responsibilities. She outlines what each of the four domains is and clearly states the key concept and thesis. In 1987, The National Board of Certified Teachers (NBCTs) created a policy of the vision of accomplished teaching that they had. NBCTs also created The Five Core Propositions to â€Å"form the foundation and frame the rich amalgam of knowledge, skills, dispositions, and beliefs.† The Five Core Propositions are: teachers are committed to their students and their learning, teachers know the subjects they teach and how to teach those subjects to the students, teachers are responsible for monitoring and managing student learning, teachers should think systematically about their practice and learn from experience, and teachers are members of a learning community. All five of these propositions outline what every teacher should know and be able to do. Here is a visual organizer comparing the framework of lesson planning to the propositions of teaching by using different colors to categorize it. It is clear to see how the framework for lesson planning comes across in the propositions for effective teachers. Teachers should be able to create plans of goals and activities to help promote learning and implement instruction into their everyday lessons. A detailed lesson plan should consider how to organize and achieve the goals  and objectives of the lesson that is being taught. When a teacher is planning a lesson, they should start with the end in mind. Including several instruction methods to ensure, various learning types are being addressed. To have an effective lesson it has to focus on time allowances to be able to ensure productivity and completion of the extra activities. Once the initial lesson is complete, revisions, adaptations, and sometimes, re-teaching the lesson may be crucial in order to make sure that every student fully understands. Goals and objectives, as well as observable and measurable objectives, are important to have in the lesson plan as well. Goals for a lesson are an outline for students to understand the direction that they are intended to go in. Goals are not measurable. Objectives clearly define the goal, including measurable and observable behaviors. A method if setting clear objectives in lesson planning is to use S.M.A.R.T., which is an acronym for (S) Specific, (M) Measurable, (A) Attainable, (R) Realistic or relevant, and (T) Time Limited. For Example teaching students how to draw a triangle is the goal. The objective is that students will show their understanding by (a) identifying the correct and incorrect triangle, (b) correctly draw a triangle. This behavior is observable of the triangle identified correctly and drawn correctly. The measurable objective is to have 80% of the class showing they can do both of these things without help. Teaching to a captive audience is a huge responsibility. To be able to honor this responsibility it is our duty as a teacher to create engaging and nourishing lessons for every student. As well as being able to understand the logic, method, and clear process of lesson planning that will allow observable and measurable success in the classroom. References National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (2014). The Five Core Propositions. Retrieved on October 17, 2014 from www.nbpts.org Methods for Effective Teaching: Meeting the Needs of All Students, Sixth Edition, by Paul R. Burden and David M. Byrd. Published by Pearson. Copyright 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. http://www.madison.k12.al.us/personnel/NBCT/TchrInfo.htm. Retrieved October 17, 2014.

Definition and Examples of Noun (Nominal) Clauses

Definition and Examples of Noun (Nominal) Clauses In English grammar, a noun clause is a  dependent clause that functions as a noun (that is, as a subject, object, or complement) within a sentence. Also known as a nominal clause. Two common types of noun clause in English are that-clauses and wh-clauses: that-clause: I believe that everything happens for a reason.wh-clause: How do I know what I think, until I see what I say? Examples and Observations of Noun Clauses When Mrs. Frederick C. Littles second son arrived, everybody noticed that he was not much bigger than a mouse. (E.B. White, Stuart Little, 1945)What I like doing most of all in the evenings, these days, is sitting in a gormless stupor in front of the television, eating chocolate.  (Jeremy Clarkson, The World According to Clarkson. Penguin Books, 2005)A university is what a college becomes when the faculty loses interest in students. (John Ciardi, Saturday Review, 1966)I know that there are things that never have been funny, and never will be. And I know that ridicule may be a shield, but it is not a weapon.  (Dorothy Parker)I believe that there is a subtle magnetism in Nature, which, if we unconsciously yield to it, will direct us aright.  (Henry David Thoreau, Walking)The thought of stars contributed to the power of his feeling. What moved him was a sense of those worlds around us, our knowledge however imperfect of their nature, our sense of their possessing some grain of our past and of our lives to come.  (John Cheever, Oh What a Paradise It Seems. Random House, 1982) Whoever was the person behind Stonehenge was one dickens of a motivator, Ill tell you that. (Bill Bryson, Notes From a Small Island. Doubleday, 1995)How we remember, what we remember, and why we remember form the most personal map of our individuality.  (Christina Baldwin)How people knew when they were being trailed he found himself unable to imagine. (Edmund Crispin [Robert Bruce Montgomery], Holy Disorders, 1945)This is the story of what a Womans patience can endure, and of what a Mans resolution can achieve. (Wilkie Collins, The Woman in White, 1859)I knew exactly how clouds drifted on a July afternoon, what rain tasted like, how ladybugs preened and caterpillars rippled, what it felt like to sit inside a bush.† (Bill Bryson, The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid. Broadway Books, 2006)That dogs, low-comedy confederates of small children and ragged bachelors, should have turned into an emblem of having made it to the middle class- like the hibachi, like golf clubs and a second car- seems at the very least incongruous. (Edward Hoagland, Dogs, and the Tug of Life) Nominal Clauses as Direct Objects All sentences, then, are clauses, but not all clauses are sentences. In the following sentences, for example, the direct object slot contains a clause rather than a noun phrase. These are examples of nominal clauses (sometimes called noun clauses):​I know that the students studied their assignment.I wonder what is making Tracy so unhappy.These nominal clauses are examples of dependent clauses- in contrast to independent clauses, those clauses that function as complete sentences.(Martha Kolln and Robert Funk, Understanding English Grammar, 5th ed., Allyn and Bacon, 1998)A Colorado study found that the average homeless person cost the state forty-three thousand dollars a year, while housing that person would cost just seventeen thousand dollars. (James Surowiecki, Home Free? The New Yorker, September 22, 2014) Noun-Clause Starters We use various words to start noun clauses. . . .These words include the word that, which in its role as a noun clause starter is not a relative pronoun, for it serves no grammatical role in the clause; it just starts the clause. For example: The committee stated that it would follow the agents policy. Here the noun clause serves the noun role of direct object of the transitive verb stated. But a careful look at the clause reveals that the word that does not serve any role within the clause, other than simply to get it going.Other noun clause starters do serve grammatical roles within the clause. For example: We know who caused all the trouble. Here the noun clause starter is the relative pronoun who. Notice that inside the noun clause who serves as the grammatical subject of the verb caused.Additional words serve as noun clause starters. A relative adverb can get one going: How he won the election mystified the pundits. So can a relative pronoun acting as an adjective: We know which career she will pursue. In these two sentences, how is an adverb modifying the verb won, and which is a relative-pronoun-adjective modifying the noun career.(C. Edward Good, A Grammar Book for You and IOops, Me!  Capital Books, 2002) I have run,I have crawled,I have scaled these city walls,These city wallsOnly to be with you,Only to be with you.But I still havent found what Im looking for.(written and performed by U2, I Still Havent Found What Im Looking For. The Joshua Tree, 1987)

Funny Engineering Jokes for Engineers

Funny Engineering Jokes for Engineers Its possible you might have to be an engineer to truly appreciate engineering jokes and humor, but if you get the jokes, they are certainly funny! Lazy Engineers Engineering is all about laziness in the name of a better life. Ill-Advised A fire engineer, who could not speak Arabic, was finding it difficult to market his newly invented fire extinguisher in the Arabian continent. He consulted an expert who advised him to use photographic symbols. Now he proceeded with a three-stage demonstration photographs, namely (1) a car on fire, (2) a man fighting the fire with the device, then (3) a clean car. Meanwhile, the Arabs read from right to the left, so they avoided the device completely. Advances and Details A young damsel was asked why she would not marry either of her engineer or lawyer boyfriends. She replied the engineers make advances and add no detail, the lawyers argue details and make no advance. Engineering Joke An engineer is someone who uses a slide rule to multiply two by two; gets an answer of 3.99 and calls it 4 to the nearest significant figure. Light Bulbs How many software engineers does it take to change a lightbulb? None. They wouldnt do it. Its a hardware problem. Chemical Engineer Vs. Chemist Whats the difference between a chemical engineer and a chemist? Answer: about $50k a year Chemical Engineer and Chemist Whats the difference between a chemical engineer and a chemist? A chemical engineer does for profit what a chemist does for fun. Wife or Mistress? An architect, artist, and engineer were discussing whether it was better to spend time with their wives or mistresses. The architect said, I like spending time with my wife building a firm foundation of a marriage. The artist said, I enjoy the time I spend with my mistress because of all the passion and energy. The engineer said I enjoy both. If you have a wife and a mistress, both women think you are with the other so you can go to work get more done MechE and CivE The Mechanical Engineers and Civil Engineers post below can add Chemical Engineers as engineers that build targets that explode really well. The Physicist A physicist was sitting in his room alone and realized that he felt depressed. So he went to a psychologist to see if the psychologist could help him feel better again. After a little bit of introduction and talking about the physicists life, the psychologist looks at his notes and tells the physicist, Well, I think I know what brings you down the most.† Well, what is it? asked the physicist.† Gravity. Definition of an Engineer What is the definition of an engineer? Answer: Someone who solves a problem you didnt know you had, in a way you dont understand. It Takes One to Know One Engineer and Mathematician (males) were given the opportunity to compete for a very attractive woman. But there was one condition: You can only run half the remaining distance between you and the lady. Eng. sprinted forward while Math. didnt. Why arent you running? Asked members of the Committee. Because, by definition, I will never be allowed to reach my target. And you Eng. why are you running? Dont you know the same? Yes, said Eng. my learned friend is correct. But I will get close enough for all practical purposes.

Super Size Me Essay Example

Super Size Me Essay Example Super Size Me Essay Super Size Me Essay Morgan Spurlock, was the age of 33 when he ventured on his quest to answer the question?   â€Å"What would happen to my body, if I ate exclusively at McDonald’s fast food restaurant, eating 3 full meals a day for 30 days?†Ã‚   Not only did he have to take in tremendous calories, but he also had to Super Size his portions, when ever asked if he would like to do so. The health conditions that Morgan Spurlock developed were a direct result from eating the high fat and calorie and foods that he ingested during that 30 day period. The fact that Morgan Spurlock was a of a young age, healthy and of average weight for his height, 185 1/2 pounds and 1.88 millimeters tall, before the experiment ever took place, gives us a place to start from.   From that point of his weigh in until the thirty day period ended, Morgan Spurlock had gained a whopping 24.5 pounds and his overall body mass index grew from 23.2 to 27 which made him overweight for his body structure. When Morgan Spurlock learned of the great number of people in America who suffered from being overweight, he launched a plan to investigate how America’s love for fast food affected their weight and health.   By starting at an average size, he very clearly confirmed that his belief that the fatty food, directly affected the diets of individuals who ate at McDonalds, repeatedly. McDonald’s breakfast launched Spurlock’s study, and by the second day he ate ingested his first meal that was Super Sized!   He ate a Double Quarter Pounder with cheese, with the Super Sized fries and drink.   He reported that he was feeling uncomfortable while he was eating the meal and eventually vomited in the parking lot of McDonald’s.   He steadily ate the food and gained nearly ten pounds. Feelings of depression, which his girl friend, Alexandra Jamieson confirmed, participated in Spurlock’s experiment, said that Spurlock lethargy, and several headaches, learns that are lifted when he eats more of McDonald’s fast food.   One of his doctors said he was addicted to the unhealthy food.   Soon after, while continuing to eat the same food, he gained another ten pounds.   He now weighed in at 203 pounds and at the end of the month he weighed in at 210 pounds. When Morgan Spurlock begins to have palpitations in his heart, near the twentieth day of the experiment,   he went to see on of his physicians who was involved in his experiment.   He didn’t take any medications because he felt it would interfere with his experiment. One of the health problems that Morgan Spurlock was diagnosed with on completion of his experiment was liver problems.   Dr. Daryl Isaacs confirmed that Morgan Spurlock’s liver was pate and immediately advised him that he should stop the experiment or else he could suffer with a serious heart problem.   Dr. Isaacs told him that he would be like the character in a movie, where the person intentionally drank excessively, trying to kill himself.   Spurlock was very concerned about what the Pysician reported to him, but continued on with his mission of proving that fastfood is bad for your health. I’ll begin with the liver problem that Spurlock developed during his fast food eating frenzy.   When Dr. Daryl Isaacs examined Spurlock, he concluded that he had developed the pate liver.   Non alcoholic fatty liver disease is an accumulated deposit of fat into the liver without the use of alcohol as a contributor.   This fat causes the liver to swell.   Insulin resistance is believed to be a factor in this liver inflamation. The heart palpitations in which Spurlock experienced was due to the fact that he incurred high blood pressure from the high calorie, high fate, and no exercise routine that contributed to his heart palpitations.   (Merck Manual of Medical Information,1997) â€Å"Whether the heart palpitations are normal depends on answers to a number of questions, such as whether anything seems to bring them on, whether they started suddenly or gradually.†Ã‚   It was quite obvious when a person goes from a healthy life style and nutritional diet to a diet consisting only of McDonald’s fast food, where he is to only eat a salad, every tenth day, that he is going to incur health problems, as Spurlock most certainly did. (The Journal of the American Medical Association, 2007) states that there is a need for an efficient daily diet to sustain a healthy heart.   High cholesterol, high fat, low nutritional value foods contribute to an unhealthy heart and body. (Roberta Larson Duyff, 2006) What we eat determines how healthy we are.  Ã‚   Spurlock’s study did prove beneficial and he was able to shed light on the importance of a healthy diet and the need for a healthy daily exercise routine.

Key Issues in the Development E-Business Strategies Relating To the Essay

Key Issues in the Development E-Business Strategies Relating To the Education Sector in UK - Essay Example The researcher states that an internal audit and competitor analysis would help evaluate the stand that Conde Nast has taken. This can be through SWOT analysis and Porter’s Five Forces Analysis. SWOT analysis reveals the internal strengths and weakness which helps the organization evaluate the opportunities that the market presents. It also makes the organization cognizant of its weaknesses which can help it revise its strategy. Enjoys excellent reputation and authority of the brand which puts them in a strong position to teach and inspire the fashion and decorating talent of the future. The college principal designate is the editor of Easy Living and has been the deputy editor of Vogue for five years. The editor-turned teacher would be a valuable connection for the students as they would receive practical knowledge of the industry. Because of their links with the fashion world, they would be able to offer unique insights into the industry. The group creates and develops lifes tyle and business brands online. They have a stronghold in the fashion industry. They also have online and e-commerce experience because of their base unit – publishing. Conde Nast has no prior experience in the field of education. A major lifestyle and publishing house getting into education is something that may not be very attractive to the prospective students/fashion designers. The editor, named as the Principal, has no teaching experience. They may have problems securing internships for their students because of lack of educational background and especially in the field of fashion. They have yet to find a director with experience in the field to run the school. They have been losing revenue in their publishing as there has been a shift from traditional advertising to digital advertising. They need to have collaboration with a University of repute to be able to award degrees. They intend to offer a ten-week intensive course as well as a one-year fashion foundation course . By using the editors as teachers the Group also ensures they get the designs they want to feature in their magazine.

The Trend of Job Relocation and its Influences Essay

The Trend of Job Relocation and its Influences - Essay Example Compared to other developed nations, like those in Western Europe or Japan, the United States' land area is expansive - we cover half of the North American continent. While in other places, job relocation happens relatively close to home due to the smaller geographic region of political and language borders, it is not the same in the United States. Our geographical boundaries are wide enough to hit two oceans. When we go across the country, ties with family and community are completely cut. Job relocation of any person in a family is harmful to the family structure. A key players is removed from the family unit, be it the father, mother, even children. Reimer conducted a research study that suggested job relocation was potentially harmful to families (2000). The possible outcomes of the trend "job relocation" are multiple depending on the specific demographic taken into account, family members involved in the move, and the stability of labor markets. For example, job relocation for migrant families depends heavily on the legislation concerning them, legislation concerning migrant worker programs, education patterns and benefits for children of migrant workers, and others. Globalization is another factor that will affect job relocation.

Is Prvnt_on lwys Bttr thn Cur The case of Brst Cncr Scrn_ng Assignment

Is Prvnt_on lwys Bttr thn Cur The case of Brst Cncr Scrn_ng - Assignment Example The introduction of the new health care policy in the 1970’s which emphasized on health promotion as the proposed strategy for the prevention of diseases, in particular diseases in which lifestyle factors had a definitive causative role, marked the beginning of this new era of preventive medicine (Larsen, 2010). Over the centuries, there has been a widespread belief amongst both the health care providers and the general population that prevention is better than cure. However, the effectiveness of such an approach towards health care is oft debated and more recently, the term ‘Preventionitis,’ which challenges this belief, has evolved and has gained popularity. Preventionitis’ is a political term that seeks to question the commonly held belief that prevention is a better and a more cost effective method, than curing a range of the nation’s health problems. In the view of many, some preventative medicine works whilst much does not. In addition, the cos ts of failure are high and this challenges the dogma that prevention is cheaper than cure (Le Fanu & Social Affairs Unit, 1994). The provision of preventive health services falls under the domain of public health. Public health is an umbrella term which encompasses a wide range of health services offered to the public and has been defined as ‘The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organised efforts of the society (Ewles & Simnett, 2003).’ Preventive Medicine offers a wide range of services for the public, including and not limited to, personal health checks, family planning and immunization (Ewles & Simnett, 2003). In addition, other services offered include health education, screening for various diseases, counselling regarding health care and adaptation of healthy behaviours, and provision of preventive medications in cases where it is available (USPSTF, 2010). It is important to remember, however, that public health is a multidisciplinary and multifaceted phenomenon and its scope is not just limited to the aforementioned services. The opponents of the preventive approach to health care present several arguments against the effectiveness of preventive strategies in health promotion. It is believed that prevention of illness is limited by the fact that most of us live out our natural lifespan and die of disease that is determined by the ageing process; since this is a predetermined phenomenon, any improvement in an individual’s lifespan or quality of life is small (Le Fanu & Social Affairs Unit, 1994). Studies have revealed that the increase in life expectancy by preventing or curing all cancers for those between the ages of 15 and 65, even if this were possible, would be only seven months. Moreover, the limitation of prevention policies by epidemiology, which raises association between disease and life style factors, is unhelpful in providing proof (Le Fanu & Social Affairs Unit, 1994). Thu s, all these factors have contributed towards the questionable nature of the efficacy of preventive health services being offered to the public. An important aspect of preventive health is health awareness which can be achieved by health education. An effective strategy in promoting screening modalities for cancers amongst the general public is by means of mass awareness campaigns. Awareness campaigns relating to cancer are common at the present

Ethics and Apprehend Criminals Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics and Apprehend Criminals - Research Paper Example On the first argument, the fruit of the forbidden tree doctrine, also known as the exclusionary rule, states that â€Å"not only is the Government precluded from basing a conviction on illegally obtained evidence, but also is forbidden any use of evidence derived solely from the product of the unlawful search and seizure.† (Bartlett, 1967: 251). A usual example of this is confessions extracted through torture. An accused in custody who was subjected to water treatment or psychological duress in order to extract and admission that he committed the crime, when he is subsequently brought to court to be tried, his confession cannot be used to evidence his guilt. It can, however, be used to prove irregularity in his arrest and custody. These are â€Å"procedural safeguards† (Brandsdorfer, 1987: 1082) designed to ensure that constitutional precepts are followed and that a fair trial will be given to the accused. Indeed, even the right of the accused to be given a Miranda warn ing is of such a high value that failure of the policemen to comply with this renders the arrest irregular. No doubt, if the police officer decides to violate the law and ignore the rules on arrest and custody, the courts will afterwards use it to acquit the accused, even though he or she may be guilty of the crime charged. A very powerful criminal who can hire the best lawyers, for example, will be exculpated from the crime and violance he committed because the police officers were careless in the application of the rules. At the end of the day, this renders law enforcement and the criminal justice system inutile in the apprehension of criminals. â€Å"Outrageous Government Conduct† The jurisprudence surrounding entrapment and outrageous government conduct as valid defenses in a criminal prosecution remains to be much discussed, and the debates on whether and when these defenses may be employed remain to be the subject of much debate and controversy. The need to balance the demands of law and order, on the one hand, and the rights of the accused to due process on the other, is the central dilemma that undergirds the debate. The notion that behavior of state agents that â€Å"shocks the conscience† could constitute a violation of the right to due process of the accused and consequently, could secure the dismissal of the charges against him was first laid down in the case of Rochin v. California [342 us 165 (1952)]. In that particular case, the officers forcibly induced the accused to vomit capsules that they believed to be containing drugs.

Knowledge management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Knowledge management - Essay Example Most huge profit seeking companies and non-profit companies have dedicated their resources to efforts towards managing internal Knowledge as a business strategy. However, they usually seek consultancy services from companies specialized in providing knowledge management services. This companies focus on knowledge management and sharing as a business strategy in an effort towards achieving competitive advantage, high performance, continuous improvement, and innovation in the organization (Rollett 6). Knowledge management encompasses a number of perspectives such as techno centric, ecological, and organizational perspectives. Techno centric perspective focuses on technological practices that enhance creation and sharing of knowledge while organizational perspective focuses on organization structure that facilitates best knowledge processes. On the other hand, ecological perspectives focus on complex adaptive system through interaction of knowledge, people, and the environment with rega rds to the ecosystem. In general, terms, the core components of Knowledge management are the technological aspects, people, organization structure, and processes. Knowledge Management Dimensions Varying dimensions of Knowledge can be distinguished by different frameworks with regards to tacit and explicit knowledge. Explicit knowledge is the kind of knowledge that people hold in their minds consciously in a form where the individual can decide to communicate the knowledge to others. On the other hand, tacit knowledge is the knowledge that is internalized in an individual mind and the person holding the knowledge is not consciously aware about the application and sharing of the knowledge. Basically, the contextual perspective of knowledge refers to conditions where knowledge can be stored easily since it can be codified while on the other hand, knowledge aspects recognizes perspectives where knowledge sharing poses a difficulty and even an impossibility outside the particular site wh ere it was initially develop. However, there are possibilities of successfully converting tacit knowledge that is internalized into explicit knowledge that will enable easy sharing of the knowledge. The conversion processes needs to enable individuals to internalize the knowledge and come up with codified knowledge that is meaningful to third parties accessing the information. Conversion of tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge entails simplification of the complex knowledge and thus beats the logic of its complexity particularly in case of oversimplification. More to the tacit and explicit knowledge framework is the embedded verses embodied knowledge differentiation framework and new verses established knowledge framework. Embedded knowledge concerns knowledge embedded in an information system designed outside a human mind individual while embodied knowledge is kind of knowledge established in the human mind of an individual with learned capabilities in the endocrine and nervous system (Gottschalk 13). On the other hand, distinction framework exists between new knowledge exploratory creation and innovation verses the exploitation and transfer of knowledge that is already established in an

Answer 5 questions - do not need MLA style Essay

Answer 5 questions - do not need MLA style - Essay Example Models could be easy or difficult to understand depending on the company’s flow of transmission of value for consideration. The level of complexity in a model could be the deciding factor for investment by an investor. (Ritchie)Moreover, unless one comprehends a company's business model, one would not know what the drivers are for future growth, and he will leave himself susceptible to being blindsided. For instance, Warrant Buffet never invested in an IT firm because he was unable to comprehend their business model. Competitive Advantage   Another key aspect is the identification of company’s competitive advantage over others. An investor is particularly interested in long-term success of the company and to reach that he needs to know which element would keep the company’s performance better than others. For instance, Wall-Mart possesses competitive advantage in price of the product. It means that it provides the product in the lowest price and no competitor c an beat them in a price war. Ultimately, if a company achieves competitive advantage, then its shareholders will be rewarded for decades. Management   A company cannot reach its objectives and cannot implement its business model if the leaders of the company fail to execute a plan. This information is present on the website of each company but it’s always sugar coated and one would not find anything useful on the site. Therefore, some ways to get a feel of management would be through a. Conference Calls- talk between CEO and CFO could reveal results. b. Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A)- compare what management has said previously and what are they stating today. c. Ownership and Insider sales- If management holds share options then you have confidence that they will do well. d. Past Performance-identify companies CEOs have worked in the past and their performance. Corporate Governance   An important thing to analyze is the compliance of governance policies and ap plicable government regulations (such as the  Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) by the company. Corporate governance policies normally cover a few general areas: structure of the board of directors, stakeholder rights and transparency of financials and information. As an employee, it is imperative that these factors are taken into consideration. An employee as well as the organization would like to share similar values. If the organizational culture is based on honesty and integrity, then a person with unethical behavior would not sustain for long. Therefore, employees’ actions should be in-line with the company’s competitive advantage and core values to benefit him as well as the organization. Moreover, an employee should know before entering a firm about its business model. There may be actions by the company which are against the values of the employee. Before the burn gets exacerbated, preventive measures should be taken. Furthermore, employee should consider the style of leadership practiced in the organization. If the company follows a bureaucratic structure, then the employee should be prepared to work hard on flattering his/her bosses. These aspects are not given equal weight ages in every company. However, all these factors are always considered by company’s stakeholders before jumping on to the decision. From an employee’s perspective, management’s role should be the factor to be analyzed closely. Usually, employee turnover is caused neither because of company’

Ethics and Apprehend Criminals Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics and Apprehend Criminals - Research Paper Example On the first argument, the fruit of the forbidden tree doctrine, also known as the exclusionary rule, states that â€Å"not only is the Government precluded from basing a conviction on illegally obtained evidence, but also is forbidden any use of evidence derived solely from the product of the unlawful search and seizure.† (Bartlett, 1967: 251). A usual example of this is confessions extracted through torture. An accused in custody who was subjected to water treatment or psychological duress in order to extract and admission that he committed the crime, when he is subsequently brought to court to be tried, his confession cannot be used to evidence his guilt. It can, however, be used to prove irregularity in his arrest and custody. These are â€Å"procedural safeguards† (Brandsdorfer, 1987: 1082) designed to ensure that constitutional precepts are followed and that a fair trial will be given to the accused. Indeed, even the right of the accused to be given a Miranda warn ing is of such a high value that failure of the policemen to comply with this renders the arrest irregular. No doubt, if the police officer decides to violate the law and ignore the rules on arrest and custody, the courts will afterwards use it to acquit the accused, even though he or she may be guilty of the crime charged. A very powerful criminal who can hire the best lawyers, for example, will be exculpated from the crime and violance he committed because the police officers were careless in the application of the rules. At the end of the day, this renders law enforcement and the criminal justice system inutile in the apprehension of criminals. â€Å"Outrageous Government Conduct† The jurisprudence surrounding entrapment and outrageous government conduct as valid defenses in a criminal prosecution remains to be much discussed, and the debates on whether and when these defenses may be employed remain to be the subject of much debate and controversy. The need to balance the demands of law and order, on the one hand, and the rights of the accused to due process on the other, is the central dilemma that undergirds the debate. The notion that behavior of state agents that â€Å"shocks the conscience† could constitute a violation of the right to due process of the accused and consequently, could secure the dismissal of the charges against him was first laid down in the case of Rochin v. California [342 us 165 (1952)]. In that particular case, the officers forcibly induced the accused to vomit capsules that they believed to be containing drugs.

Answer 5 questions - do not need MLA style Essay

Answer 5 questions - do not need MLA style - Essay Example Models could be easy or difficult to understand depending on the company’s flow of transmission of value for consideration. The level of complexity in a model could be the deciding factor for investment by an investor. (Ritchie)Moreover, unless one comprehends a company's business model, one would not know what the drivers are for future growth, and he will leave himself susceptible to being blindsided. For instance, Warrant Buffet never invested in an IT firm because he was unable to comprehend their business model. Competitive Advantage   Another key aspect is the identification of company’s competitive advantage over others. An investor is particularly interested in long-term success of the company and to reach that he needs to know which element would keep the company’s performance better than others. For instance, Wall-Mart possesses competitive advantage in price of the product. It means that it provides the product in the lowest price and no competitor c an beat them in a price war. Ultimately, if a company achieves competitive advantage, then its shareholders will be rewarded for decades. Management   A company cannot reach its objectives and cannot implement its business model if the leaders of the company fail to execute a plan. This information is present on the website of each company but it’s always sugar coated and one would not find anything useful on the site. Therefore, some ways to get a feel of management would be through a. Conference Calls- talk between CEO and CFO could reveal results. b. Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A)- compare what management has said previously and what are they stating today. c. Ownership and Insider sales- If management holds share options then you have confidence that they will do well. d. Past Performance-identify companies CEOs have worked in the past and their performance. Corporate Governance   An important thing to analyze is the compliance of governance policies and ap plicable government regulations (such as the  Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) by the company. Corporate governance policies normally cover a few general areas: structure of the board of directors, stakeholder rights and transparency of financials and information. As an employee, it is imperative that these factors are taken into consideration. An employee as well as the organization would like to share similar values. If the organizational culture is based on honesty and integrity, then a person with unethical behavior would not sustain for long. Therefore, employees’ actions should be in-line with the company’s competitive advantage and core values to benefit him as well as the organization. Moreover, an employee should know before entering a firm about its business model. There may be actions by the company which are against the values of the employee. Before the burn gets exacerbated, preventive measures should be taken. Furthermore, employee should consider the style of leadership practiced in the organization. If the company follows a bureaucratic structure, then the employee should be prepared to work hard on flattering his/her bosses. These aspects are not given equal weight ages in every company. However, all these factors are always considered by company’s stakeholders before jumping on to the decision. From an employee’s perspective, management’s role should be the factor to be analyzed closely. Usually, employee turnover is caused neither because of company’

The order of the legal system helps Essay Example for Free

The order of the legal system helps Essay Legal stability helps ensure that citizens and businesses can manage their affairs efficiently (Lindquist Cross, 2010). The order of the legal system helps to guarantee that all cases will be heard equally. Legislatures create laws that protect citizens and business, and when these laws are broken, the court system is used to reprimand the offenders. The court system is organized into two court structures, the federal system and state system (Kubasek, Brennan, Browne 2009). There is a specific order to the organization to the court system and court proceedings, and this order promotes the stability of the legal system. Every player in the court system knows what to expect regarding their trial, and this predictability is important to ensure that the legal system is fair to all participants. Businesses and citizens alike benefit from a stable legal system because the laws are known and disputes are handled reasonably. The enactment of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act in 1999 is one example where an action of the legal system caused instability in business and society. The act repealed the Banking Act of 1933, or the Glass-Steagall Act, that prohibited banks from selling securities (Barth, Brumbaugh Jr., Wilcox, 2000). It also repealed the Bank Holding Act of 1956 that kept banking separate from insurance business. These acts were repealed because academics showed that banks being involved in the sale of securities and insurance did not cause the Great Depression of 1929 (Barth et al., 2000). The fact that banks were allowed minimal sales of insurance and securities with little problem also helped this act to pass. This deregulation of banking contributed to the financial crisis of 2008. The repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act allowed investment and commercial banking to merge, which led to higher capital ratios and lower risk (Bordo, 2008). As a result, normal lending practices were relaxed, and when the subprime mortgage market collapsed in 2007, many banks felt the repercussions. Defaulted mortgages effected the economy and caused a significant recession that affected citizens and businesses alike (Bordo, 2008). Major changes in banking regulations through the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act is just one example where alleged failure in the legal system lead to instability in business and society. This instability shows the importance of having predictability in the legal system. The Glass-Steagall Act had been in place for over six  decades when it was finally repelled in 1999 (Barth et al., 2000). While research showed that repelling this act would help create a more universal banking system, the deregulation of the banking system caused more corruption instead (Bordo, 2008). Banks were allowed to undertake even more activities than before. These extra activities and the vagueness of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act helped to contribute to the instability of the financial sector. When the legal system helps to contribute to instability, more citizens become wary of both the legal system and the financial sector. In order to avoid this problem in the future, the legal system should be more predictable by keeping regulations that protect the people in place.

Impact of Employee Relations in Banks

Impact of Employee Relations in Banks Employee relationship management find conflict among employees as major drawback for organization to progress with its endeavors. Most of the time conflicts occur due to different cultures that people come from and less knowledge on Johari window way by the theory help people to work through their stereo types. Another reason for conflict is the of work, for example some employee are task oriented and other have artistic view and people oriented i.e. task oriented employee would want to finish the job in whatever manner but an artistic employee would prefer to do the job in particular manner or include certain individual. Employee performance and motivation problems Performance of the employee can play a major role for success or failure. Employees under performing would cost the organization fortune especially in a banking industry where competition is increasing every day. Employee poor performance could be caused by two main issues, first, is the employee skilled enough to handle the task? has the company motivated the employee in question enough to handle pressure the task present? and is the employee capable to do the job? Secondly, another cause is the system to do the task for instance managerial behavior, effect of coworkers behavior and resource distribution. http://performance-appraisals.org/faq/causesproblems.htm Unmotivated employee will not positively influence the performance of the banks. To bring about good performance everyone has to give all the effort to the organization and more importantly they should be motivated. Employee becomes unmotivated because the banks processes are too ambiguous hence providing a lot hardship, the bank is experiencing continuous conflict and behavior effect. Turnover and retention concerns This is another employee relation challenges that also especially banks encounter. Generally turnover causes are economic issue and labor market condition they affect significantly the turnover rate. But also non-competitive compensation, poor fit of employee and the job, very poor working condition and monotony increases employee turnover. Employee more often may seek for better green pasture to improve their living standard. Sometime some employee find the job to be too monotonous hence their morale goes down and as result affect the performance of the organization. Turnover cost for many banks are very high which include direct cost such as recruitment, selection and training of the new employees. Indirect cost include reduced productivity, increased of workload for remaining employee as they have to cover and overtime expense for the colleague. http://www.romeroconsulting.com/example_employee_relations_issues.htm Overcoming employee relations challenges For turnover and retention problems most banks conduct training on their employees so that for example the job becomes less monotonous and challenging. Banks that have low employee turnover they are said to be employee oriented and they come up with well compensation package they always hire the right people for the job. An interaction with the employees regularly is required so that the manager can understand they core problems. Distribution of right resource to perform task can increase performance of employees and reward systems can always boost morale of employees. The employer should come with new approaches and practical tips for the banks success. Employee relations in collaboration with human resource management can avoid conflict before they happen by understanding and identifying the strength and weakness of the employees. Employers should assign jobs to employees that fit their skill sets. For team conflict employer should pick a team leader who is capable to handle pressure that teammate present. Banks should see if the employees who are involved in conflict are affecting the performance and productivity of the organization, once the parties involved in the conflict are identified then it will be easy to solve problems. http://www.ehow.com/how_2076427_address-poor-employee-performance.html Advantage of maintaining good employee relation in banks There are advantages for organization good relationship with its employees apart from increase the general performance; the company will also enjoy the following. Reduced Absenteeism For many banks in Tanzania, they have managed their employees with authoritarian style whereby absenteeism of the employee will not be tolerated. This is because many banks in Tanzania are privately owned hence even the unions cannot bring total impact on any companys wrong doing. Therefore good employee relation will bring benefits to the bank by reducing the cause that mounts absenteeism such as continuous employee conflict and job satisfaction. Improving motivation and morale A good employee relation in banks would be able to increase motivation and morale. A motivated group of employee would be able to bring very beneficial result that most banks are always relishing to accomplish. By avoiding things that would discourage motivation this is a hard-working process but very crucial to the success of the business. We have witnessed most banks in Tanzania have provided their employees with a positive working environment. Also personal incentives always do trick of raising employees motivation and morale. Loyalty is increased Most banks in Tanzania have managed to gain loyalty from their employees as most banks have been able to install good procedure that suit employees specification. Employees would not be certain if they leave what they experience from other banks. Bank that trains its employees more often will be able to increase confidence of employees and hence increase their loyalty to the company. The bank would be able to get competitive edge if employees are engaged. Engaged employees would take less sick day as they know they influence in the organization. Reducing turnover Good employee relation will reduce the employee turnover as the employee issues that contribute to employee turnover are eliminated. Skilled employees who are not paid well would want to move on, but a good employee relationship management will not let that happen. The employee will be given what he/she needs since they are crucial to the banks performance. Employee relationship management would be able to have saved recruitment and selection cost that would come as result of high rate employee turnover. Losing the most skilled employees to competitors its like giving out your own gun to be shot with. Introduction of easy working practices Committed employees would feel unchallenged on the on the repetitive job each and every day. Monotonous working practice would reduce the performance of the employee as they do not feel motivated well enough. A good bank employee relation would introduce new and easy working practice more often. By doing this the bank would be able to increase the banks output. Additionaly, the new practice would be able to consider not waste companys resources. Hence employees will be more committed thus affecting the quality of service from banks and reduces rejections. http://www.citehr.com/1324-advantage-maintaining-good-employee-relations.html#axzz1BRG1N0zU Disadvantage of incompetent employee relation in banks Sometime most banks fail to tackle problems that relate to employee relation due to the following reason: Employee relationship management letting the union to get a lot of power would deprive the banks ability to succeed as the unions would control the organization position. After the company has realized what is happening then it will be too late. As we have learned that some trade union bring political agenda that they want to champion so that the society can recognized that there is a problem. Therefore employee relation should not union grow its power to influence the fortune of banks but acquire mutual interest for all parties involved. Banks that have set up employee relationship management will incur extra cost from the department. Sometimes employee relation does not live to the expectations in such a way that the problems that should be solved by it are still roaming within the organization. The division is supposed to monitor workplace challenges before the union does and solve them before they become a nuisance to the organization. Therefore any failure to tackle means unnecessary costs have been incurred by the banks. Single employer bargaining can be expensive because of the need to maintain a centralized employee relation. For single employer bargaining, there is inflexibility and makes it hard to accommodate difference in production systems, the service markets, labor market and technologies within centralized bargaining systems. It could also be hard to integrate new businesses within employee relation systems. For employee relation to be effective it requires very effective communication in company. The level of management decision making will increase if the employee relationship management work independently as a result reducing the employee commitment to these decision and local management. (David Farnham, pg 236) For workplace bargaining, it employee relationship management complicates labor cost control. As this is a bargaining that occurs between the management and union representatives, there are high chances of increasing the danger of wage parity by the unions. Also it requires management to put its best people who have negotiation skills to neutralize the effort of union to have an upper hand on the outcome of negotiation. Conclusion In this second easy we have taken analytical view towards employee relation and its real impact on banking sector in the case of Tanzania where we dont have many of public owned bank where union can also have an impact. We gave seen how globalization has also brought some problems and fortune to the banking industry. New venture have realized due to globalization for instance the transfer of banking technology to Tanzania form abroad is one factor that globalization has inspired banking industry to progress. On the other hand, the coming of technology would raise concerns over employee job security. The aim of banks to bring new technology is sometimes to cut down cost in the long-run, so this will obviously raise concerns towards employee who fear for their job. The essay went further to look on the recognition of unions in Tanzania banks and we realized that in Tanzania they very less banks that can be influenced by trade union since many of them are privately owned. The only trade union that employee relations have been able to interact with is Trade Union Congress of Tanzania (TUCTA) where bank such as Tanzania postal bank employee can real much on TUCTA. The impact of trade unions in banking industry profitability is very high. So banks should come with approaches that would manage the unions in a way that they do not impact negatively on the performance of the organization. We have look on approaches such as Unitarist, pluralist, Marxist and adversarial approach. It is also indicated that employee relation should much be governed by agreements, rules and regulation to handle unions. As we have realized that not only external factor that are important to organization success but also internal constraint are also crucial to the companies and therefore they should be managed very well using appropriate management styles. It seemingly appears that privately owned banks use authoritarian way of managing to handle internal issues affecting the banks. Other management styles include opportunist and Paternalistic. Recommendation This is very important aspect of business and especially in banking industry. Banks should consider taking employee relations very seriously as employees are part and parcel of the organization success or failure. New innovative ideas should be brought forward so that business process and practice could be made simple thus improving organization performance. Employee relationship management in collaboration with human resource they should come up with ways that will resolve dispute in more modern way even without involvement of trade unions. The management should assess employee relation future trend and research on the potential findings that can be applied in third world countries e.g. Tanzania. The influence of technology should not be left untouched as technology will play a big part in the future employee relation success. The employee relation view should be much flexible to tackle issues that have not been resolved yet with management. Employee relation should help in avoiding unnecessary problems such poor working condition. These are problems that union is working to abolish them but on the other hand they problems that increase unnecessary cost than if they had been tackled beforehand. Employer should engage employee in activities or even during decision making process so that they can be more motivate and very loyal to the org anization this should incorporate they payment structure and other compensation packages which seem to be the most coveted things by employees.

Character of Hamlet Essay -- Papers

Character of Hamlet "Wer gar zu viel bedenkt wird wenig leisten" -Schiller " He who reflects too much will accomplish little" It is impossible to attain completeness in the assessment of any one's character and more so in the case of Hamlet's, for its note are complex and mysterious. But on rigorous study, Hamlet's character can be described though partly but adequately by the above quote. 'Hamlet' is the most famous, the most popular play in the English language. But to quote T.S.Eliot -"So far from being Shakespeare's masterpiece, the play is most certainly an artistic failureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. And probably more people have thought Hamlet a work of art because they found it interesting, than have found it interesting because it is a work of art. It is the "Mona Lisa " of literature." "The grounds of Hamlet's failure are not immediately obvious."T.S.Eliot in his essay "Hamlet and His Problems", says this and after his analysis he concludes that in order to understand Hamlet - the play and the character - we need to understand things, which Shakespeare did not understand himself. A similar view is aired by A.C.Bradley who says that the character of Hamlet as one can understand from the play cannot answer several questions which pertain to the logic and rationality of Hamlet's deeds like his idea to pretend madness and in order to get a reasonable answer one must try history where we find the story of Amleth,the Prince of Denmark which inspired Shakespeare to write this "Mona Lisa " of literature. The story of Amleth is a story, which involved just the revenge of a son avenging his father's murder. In this story, Amleth 's uncle... ...ths may be, by some means can be held as a retributive justice against them for their own deeds. Except the deaths of king Claudius and 'his' Queen ,all the rest happen due to their involvement with the king. These deaths could have been avoided.But,once the death casts a shadow on someone," the rest is silence". Note: The actual age of Hamlet is in question due to evidences based on various grounds. In my opinion the knowledge of Hamlet's age can help in understanding his complex character to perfection. Bibliography 1.Tales from Shakespeare - Charles and Mary Lamb 2. Hamlet - Commentary by A.W.Verity (A.W.V) 3. "Hamlet and His Problems" - Essay by T.S.Eliot 4. A.C.Bradley's work on Hamlet 5. F.C.Hunt's work on Hamlet referring to Bacon's life 6. A Book of Quotations 7. www.hamlet.org

grant hill :: essays research papers

Grant Hill Everybody in Detroit called him â€Å"The Man† because he always was a leader and the to-go person in any tough moment of the game. Some people called him â€Å"The Gentleman† because he was a genuinely nice person with respect for the game and for others. Joe Dumars, a member of the legendary 1989-1990 Detroit Pistons team, once declared â€Å"He is the best player I’ve seen coming into the league for years†. Road to history was wide open for Grant, but luck had some other plans for his career. This is the story of Grant Hill, a story about having faith, patience and love for the game of basketball. Grant Henry Hill was born on October 5th, 1972 in Dallas, Texas but he grew up in Reston, Virginia. His father, Calvin Hill was a running back for the Dallas Cowboys. Even though his family was wealthy, he didn’t the other kids to know about it. He was really proud of his father being a famous professional athlete, but he was also embarrassed about it. When he was in eighth grade, his father gave a speech all the students, but he didn’t go. He faked illness and hid in the nurse’s office, saying that he didn’t want to seem to be better than everybody else. That is how humble he was.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Grant first started playing soccer, but by twelve, he had grown to six feet. That is when he started playing basketball. He became really good and he led his high-school team to two state championships. He then earned an athletic scholarship to play for the well-known Duke University. He led Duke to back-to-back championships and he had his â€Å"number 33† jersey retired. After he graduated, he entered the 1994 NBA Draft picks. He was picked by the Detroit Pistons as the 3rd overall draft pick.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everybody had high expectations about him, they were seeing in him a new leader, a new beginning for the Pistons. He didn’t prove anybody wrong. He started at the 1995 all-star game after becoming the first rookie ever to lead all players in fan voting. Along with Jason Kidd of the Dallas Mavericks, were co-voted as the Rookie Players of the Year. In the next four seasons, he started in all all-star games and averaged 23.2 Points Per Game, 7.6 Rebounds Per Game and 6.7 Assist Per Game.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first shadows in his career appear in 2000.

Gladstone’s liberalism

This question focuses on Gladstone's liberalism and to what extent he applied it during his first ministry, 1868-74. Liberalism is a political philosophy that stresses individual liberty, equal opportunity and rights, Victorian liberalism was a mixture of ideology, morality and self-interest, and it advocated civil and religious liberty. Gladstone was the embodiment of Victorian liberalism, he tried to put forward his liberalism but he often found that he fought a lone battle in the cabinet. To assess the extent of how much Gladstone's liberalism was applied during his first ministry, I will be looking at the acts that were passed during this period and looking at how liberal in nature they were. His attention was mainly focused on Ireland as he said in his own words â€Å"It is my mission to pacify Ireland†. He put forward 3 acts and bills concerning Ireland, at the time these were fairly controversial, as he was one of the first Prime Ministers to address the Irish question. The first act that Gladstone passed as Prime Minister was The Disestablishment of the Irish Church Act. This broke the connection between church and state and ended the Anglican church's status as the established church of Ireland, this aimed to reduce endowments and redistributing a third of its annual reserve to non-religious ends, e. g. improving hospitals. This was quite a liberal act as it allowed people to freely attend whichever church they wanted. This however showed Gladstone's willingness to solve a problem without appreciating its background and not understanding its immediate practical requirements. Th Irish Church Act was Gladstone's first liberal move and gave an indication of the path his future acts would take. His second act in 1870 was The Irish Land Act. This was initially one of his most liberal measures as it gave a lot of the protection to the tenant, the individual, but it was diluted so its effectiveness was reduced. It said that tenants should have greater protection from eviction and should be compensated if their rent was deemed excessive, be given compensation for improvements and repairs they had made and that new tenants should compensate the old tenants for their share in the property. The most important part of this at was the compensation if the rent was deemed excessive; Lord Salisbury objected to this clause as he said that no court had the right to adjudicate on the fairness of rent. This omission made the bill limited and unremarkable, this caused anger as it did not live up to its expectations and it failed to realise the aim of the land-lord. At first this bill promised to be a very important bill as it finally gave protection to the tenants but in the end it just made the tenants position less secure as land-lords could now freely increase rent as there was no-one to stop them. This should have been another success for Gladstone but after it had passed through parliament it became just another ordinary act. The Education Act of 1870 put forward by William Forster allowed for the continuation of denominational schools, but in districts where schooling was deficient a locally elected board would be set up. This had the power to organize schools and enforce the attendance of children aged between 5 and 12 who were not being educated in any other way, the boards could also decide whether religious teaching was to be given in their schools. This mainly benefited the working class who before had been unable to send their children to school because it was too expensive so the children went to work instead. The two main organizations involved in this act were the National Education League and Union. The League was non-conformist and wanted gratuitous secular education, the Union was Anglican and wanted religious teaching. The pressure resulting from the conflict between the two groups produced the Cowper Temple Clause; this meant that only non-denominational religious education was to be provided in schools receiving state aid. This was an important liberal act as it gave educational opportunities to the working class who had never before had the chance of free schooling. Other important acts included The 1870 Civil Service Act. This meant that all positions within the civil service were open to public competition, this was obviously a liberal act as it gave the opportunity to people to hold positions which had never been open to them as before a system of patronage was used. Army reforms were also introduced these were the 1871 Army regulation Act. The aim of this was â€Å"To combine in one harmonious whole all the branches of our military forces†, this abolished the system of purchase, an officer bought his commission and could sell it for whatever he could get, and also flogging in peacetime was abolished. The 1871 University Test Act made positions of teaching at Oxford and Cambridge open to non-Anglicans. The Ballot Act introduced the secret ballot, this meant that people could express their opinions without being persecuted. The Trade Union Act of 1871 legalized trade unions. Workers were now protected and had their interests looked after so if they felt that they were being treated unfairly they could do something about it. All of these acts cohered with the liberal philosophy, they gave long overdue equal rights and opportunities to everyone. One of the final acts by Gladstone was the Licensing Act of 1872. This tightened the control on licensing and fixed public houses opening and closing times, with this Gladstone did his party immense harm by alienating brewers and distillers who naturally turned to the conservatives. Gladstone had no doubt in his mind what had caused his election defeat in 1974, in a letter to his brother he commented † We have been borne down in a torrent of gin and beer†, this act did more harm than good and ended Gladstone's first ministry. Gladstone's serious view of life, his devotion to progress and his insistence on justice and right made him a leader who was idolized or hated. His was the figurehead of liberalism and his many liberal acts showed how passionate he was about it. He was not a great Prime minister but during his first ministry he tried very hard to spread liberalism that appealed rather to a particular mentality that might be found in all classes, so in fact it was above class. In conclusion Gladstone's liberalism was his belief in equal opportunities, in an era when this was not available to everyone it was a very brave belief as many of the population could not afford schooling, but thanks to Gladstone this problem was now fixed. He applied his liberalism to a great extent as he introduced some very important changes, these being the Education and Irish Church acts. The way his ministry ended showed that he had not finished and more was to come, mainly his pursuit of Irish Home Rule. He was probably more important for what he was than what he did.