The Legalization of Marijuana Essay Example for Free

The Legalization of Marijuana EssayThe legalization of ganja is one of the many controversial debates in the States today. Some people believe that hemp is a gateway drug and is very pestiferous, marijuana enthusiast argue that stinkpotnabis isnt harmful and can drastically improve the the Statesn economy. Marijuana prohibition terms America $7.7 billion dollars a year.(Head 2012) The legalization of marijuana would avail many people. If marijuana is legalized so the American government could tax it and help pay the U.S. debt as well, an opposite benefit of legalizing marijuana is that it can be used for several medicinal purposes, and lastly the legalization of marijuana would save the Americans tax dollars for not having to take c ar of prisoners who would be sail throughed dealing with marijuana. Approximately 440,000 people die a year from smoking tobacco plant products and alcohol poisoning kills 50,000 people annually, while no one dies from smoking marijuana. A lcohol and tobacco, though are legal, are for more harmful than marijuana.(Head 2012) Over 4000 harmful chemicals are in cigarettes that cause countless deaths each year but tobacco is still somehow legal.Many people say that marijuana is a gateway drug but over 60 million people try marijuana, if marijuana was really a gateway drug millions of crack heads and heroin addicts would be running around America right now. Since marijuana is the most popular drug in America of course people who abuse other substances have tried marijuana. America is more than 10 trillion dollars in debt. The legalization of marijuana would create another item that could be taxed. (Messerli 2011) The taxation of marijuana could drastically increase Americas Economy. Over 20 million people in America smoke marijuana on the regular basis. A study install that legalizing marijuana and taxing it can produce considerable revenue for America. (Head 2012) Marijuana is already a major cash crop in the unify Sta tes and billions of dollars are made from soliciting the drug. If marijuana was taxed then the United States will not have to worry about being in a debt crisis.The government would also feed money if marijuana was grown in the United States and sold to other countries around the world. Marijuana is not only used for pleasurable purposes but it also used for medicinal purpose as well. Marijuana can be used for people suffering from many different kinds of sicknesses. Marijuana can be used as a pain reliever marijuana can also help head trauma victims, stroke victims, andpeople who suffer from perplexity or depression. THC is a potent anti-oxidant which doctors rely for stroke and head trauma victims. Cannabis can be used for a cancer tolerant that is going through chemotherapy marijuana would act as a nausea reducer which will help the patient be able to eat. If marijuana was legal then more studies would be done to help created more medicinal purposes for the herb. The prohibiti on on marijuana cost tax payers millions of dollars annually. The marijuana prohibition cost 7.7 billion dollars a year. (Head 2012)Marijuana illegality is helping other countries become wealthier, while the United States is losing money, by importing the substance in to America. The United States government arrest over 700,000 people a year for a charge dealing with marijuana, the money used for taking care of those offenders are coming out of the United States tax payers pocket. Tax payers are throwing away thousands of dollars to feed and shelter people who got arrested for having a plant. Marijuana legalization would simplify the development of hemp as a valuable and diverse agricultural crop in the United States, including its development as a new bio fuel to reduce carbon emissions. (Unknown) The legalization of marijuana could better this world, marijuana has an untapped potential to make everything better in the world.In conclusion, the legalization of marijuana could benefi t everyone. If marijuana was legal the United States of America debt would drastically decrease. Also tax payers would have more money in their pockets since they will never have to pay for the marijuana fugitives in prison. If marijuana was examine more then maybe diseases would be cured that people thought would never be cured. It is no reason that marijuana should be illegal since tobacco and alcohol kills thousands a year while marijuana kills none. As Sir Paul McCartney said I support decriminalization. People are smoking pot in any case and to make them into criminals is wrong. Its when youre in jail you really become a criminal.

Leadership Vision Paper Essay Example for Free

Leadership Vision Paper EssayThe vision statement continues the expression of the desire service and the level of achievement necessary to achieve the mission. The values selected are those that support example of innovation-based mission, vision, and values statement (Porter-OGrady Mall(a)och, 2011.) My vision statement is To treat all patients with dignity and respect at all times. To explain non only what I am about to do for them, but why. I will leave Evidence-based research, when available, for their knowledge. I will allow them autonomy, in their decisions. I will provide each patient compassion and empathy, at all times. I will bring up up they are a person not just a patient. We will come to understand the vision through the various sections of this paper. The sections are Key concepts of vision, judge of evidence, Importance in nursing and lastly, the Summary.Key concepts of visionI believe that when a patient is given the evidence-based information in a clear a nd taciturn manner, they are in a better position to make better medical decisions. While I am providing each patient with evidence-based research, I am proving them with the necessary tools to make the informed decisions. In turn, giving them the autonomy they deserve. Being respectful, showing empathy and compassion are all easy tasks to perform, when the patient is thought of as a person, not just a patient. An example would be when I explain why I am about to perform some task, not simply that I am going to perform the task. I need to ask permission of the patient, giving them the opportunity to reject the task. It may be in their best interest to have the task performed, but, if I respect them, then I will respect their decision.Critique of evidenceIn an article titled, Toward the Tipping level off Decision Aids and Informed patient Choice, there is strong evidence that patient decision aids not only improve decision shade but also prevent the overuse of options that informe d patients do not value. Which I believe aids in better patient satisfaction. Policymakers progressively believe that encouraging patients to play a much active role in their health care could improve quality, efficiency, and health outcomes (Coulter Ellins, 2007).Another area that I have an important stance on is that the patient is a person, not just a patient. In an article by Danielle Ofri, she talks about a crowded waiting area where the medical assistant is yelling out the patients name, so cattle-like. Nevertheless it feels horrible to me, so demeaning, like were in the DMV instead of a medical clinic. I want the environment to be more humane, more civilized, and so when I go out to call a patient, I use a much softer voice, with a tone that I hope conveys more respect.Importance to nursingAccording to Lesly Simmons, a blogger for Georgetown University, the care for profession is the most ethical and honest profession for the 11th year in the Gallup survey. Nurses have b een the highest ranked profession for 11 out of 12 years. So why is that? Nurses consistently capture patient and public trust by performing in accordance with a Code of Ethics for Nurses that supports the best interests of patients, families, and communities. They a great deal are the strongest advocates for patients who are vulnerable and in need of support (Sachs Jones, 2012).SummaryTreating the patient as a person shows the patient that I respect them as a person. When I respect them as a person, I have more compassion and empathy for them. When I have empathy, compassion and respect for them, I ignore help them make better choices. By giving them evidence-based research I am providing them with the tools so they can be more informed. By being more informed, they have a better understanding of their situation. By them understanding their situation, they will then have autonomy. Allowing the patient autonomy, gains respect from the patient for the nurse. Hence, making the nurs ing profession the most honest and ethical profession over the last decade. So, I continue to keep my vision statement close at hand.ReferencesCoulter, Angela., Ellins, Jo. (2007). Effectiveness of strategies for informing, educating and involving patients. BMJ 200733524 OConnor, A.M., Wennberg, J. E., Legare, F., Llewelllyn-Thomas, H. A., Moulton, B. W., Sepucha, K. R.,Sodano, A. G., King, J. S. (2007). Toward the Tipping PointDecision Aids and Informed Patient Choice. Health Affairs. May 2007. Vol. 26(3) p716-725. Ofri, Danielle. (2012). Humanizing Medicine and Respecting the Patient. A Sweet Life. January 19, 2012. Retrieved on January 16, 2013 from http//asweetlife.org/feature/humanizing-medicine-and-respecting-the-patient/ Porter-Ogrady, T., Malloch, K. (2011). Quantum leadership go innovativion, transforming health care. Strategies to integrate and advance innovation. 3rd ed. p149. Sudbury, MA Jones Bartlett. Sachs, Adam Jones, Jemarion. (2012). Nurses Earn Highest Ranki ng Ever, Remain Most Ethical of Professions in Poll ANA Urges Policymakers to Listen to Nurses on Health Care Policy, Funding. American Nurses Association. News Release December 4, 2012. Simmons, Lesly. (2011). Nurses Most Respected Profession for 11th Year. emailprotected Blog. May 16th, 2011.

Individual Information Use Paper Essay Example for Free

Individual Information Use Paper EssayIn this file of CIS 207 Week 2 Individual Information Use Paper you will find the next trainingWrite a 700- to 1,050-word paper identifying and describing how data is used and how it flows in an organization. rationalize this use in your menstruation place of employment or an organization you are familiar with.Describe concerns with properly tyrannical this flow, including keeping it safe from unlicensed use.Computer Science popular CSIndividualInformation Use PaperWrite a 700- to 1,050-word paper identifying and describing how information is used and how it flows in an organization. condone this use in your current place of employment or an organization you are familiar with.Describe concerns with properly controlling this flow, including keeping it safe from unauthorized use.Avoid studying for big college exams the night before by taking in a lot of caffein or other stimulants. While these things can keep you up and able to study for longer, they will make you very tired in the morning. After victimization chemical stimulants for a while, you will need more and more and that can be damaging to your overall physical and mental health.In this file of CIS 207 Week 2 Individual Information Use Paper you willfind the next informationWrite a 700- to 1,050-word paper identifying and describing how information is used and how it flows in an organization.Explain this use in your current place of employment or an organization you are familiar with.Describe concerns with properly controlling this flow, including keeping it safe from unauthorized use.Computer Science General CSIndividualInformation Use PaperWrite a 700- to 1,050-word paper identifying and describing how information is used and how it flows in an organization.Explain To download more course tutorials visit https//bitly.com/12BkiWcAvoid studying for big college exams the night before by taking in a lot of caffeine or other stimulants. While these thing s can keep you up and able to study for longer, they will make you very tired in the morning. After using chemical stimulants for a while, you will need more and more and that can be damaging to your overall physical and mental health.Computer Science General CSIndividualInformation Use PaperWrite a 700- to 1,050-word paper identifying and describing how information is used and how it flows in an organization.Explain this use in your current place of employment or an organization you are familiar with.Describe concerns with properly controlling this flow, including keeping it safe from unauthorized use.

Review And Determine The Mcdonalds Strategic Marketing Essay

Review And Determine The Mcdonalds Strategic Marketing EssayLO1) Review and Determine the McDonalds Strategic Aims and ObjectivesMcDonalds is one of the leading global immobile sustenance for thought assist retailers, with about more than 32,000 eaterys serving more than 60 million good deal in more than 117 countries each day. McDonalds is well known for some of its much coveted food like Chicken McNuggets, Big Mac and Egg McMuffins exclusively around the globe. McDonalds 75% of its chains atomic number 18 owned and operated by the franchisees all all over the foundation and solely 25% of its chains argon owned by the company. In 1967 McDonald opened its first international outlet in Canada. Most of the McDonalds outlets atomic number 18 free standing units, other than that it alike has many units located at airports and in other retail argonas. Since the opening of McDonalds first international outlet in Canada it is known for providing the outstanding quality, quick s ervice, cleanliness and value to its clients (McDonalds, 2011).Current Strategic Aims and Objectives of McDonaldsMcDonalds has clearly defined its strategical aims and objectives the vision of McDonalds is to be the leading, quick and the better fast food service provider all over the world. Other objectives of McDonalds are to maintain and develop the best quality food harvestings in the quick service restaurant market, McDonalds to a fault wants to lead the quick service restaurant market by move ining new(a) customers, opening more profitable restaurants, change magnitude its sales through and through advancement that enable them to continue their program of expansion. The McDonalds goal is to maximize its profits, maintain its competitive favour by constantly creating new products to add onto its menu, which will help to attract new customers and satisfy their existing customers that gives customers a reason to visit McDonalds often (McDonalds, 2011).McDonalds main obje ctive is to be the worlds best quick service restaurant eer perk up love and for this McDonalds provide outstanding service, quality, cleanliness and value to its customers all around the globe. McDonalds also aim to grasp every opportunity to innovate and lead the industry on behalf of the customers, they also bewilder a passion and feel committed to go beyond their customers expectations every time in every restaurant in methodicalness to enhance and protect the McDonalds brand all over the world (McDonalds 2011).An valuation of the Component Parts of a Strategic PlanStrategic planning is a very important business activity and it is used to achieve legitimate goals and objectives. An boldness sometimes add togethers its goals and objectives into a mission statement and a vision statement. heap is basically a long-term view, which outlines what an organization wants to be in the future and also describe how the organization wants the world in which it operates. Vision bas ically concentrates on the future and provides the decision making criteria to the organization. Whereas mission defines the basic purpose of the existence of an organization, the mission also defines about the sought after level of performance needed in order to achieve the organizational aims and objectives (Kotler, 1986).The Vision of McDonalds is to be the best and the leading fast food provider all over the world (McDonalds, 2011). There are five variant ways of judging the suitability of an organizational vision the first one is the foresight which tells whether the vision of an organization is strong enough and living and when the vision of McDonalds is evaluated it is clear that it is strong enough as well as realistic. The second way to judge the vision of an organization is the breadth, which tells does the vision of an organization amply cover likely changes in the market place and McDonalds has a capability to change with the surround and make sure that in every coun try of the world its customers must always get quality products, in quick time, in a clean and pleasant environment and at a reasonable price. some other way to judge the vision is the uniqueness that an organization good deal capitalize on and surprise its competitors and the uniqueness in the vision of McDonalds is that the taste and the size of its burgers are same in each outlet all around the globe where it provides its products and services. The fourth way to judge the vision is through consensus, which tells that an organization should have but one vision and the McDonalds has only one and clear vision and that is to be the best and the leading fast food provider all over the world. eventually through action-ability a vision tush be judge which tells whether the vision is create for implementation or does the organization have core competences. The vision of McDonalds is ready for the implementation and the core competency of McDonalds is providing convenience to its cu stomers when they want to eat fast food at the prices that are competitive and provide best value for the customers capital (Hamel and Prahalad, 1994).The mission statement of McDonalds is to be our customers favorite place and way to eat. Their main focus is on being the best fast food provider and for this their widely distributed operations has been aligned around a global strategy called a Plan to Win based on the five factors of an exceptional customer experience People, Product, Price, Place and Promotion (McDonalds, 2011). Just like the vision statement the mission statement of McDonalds can be judge by seeing how far it meets the certain formulations. Firstly McDonalds should have a clear idea in what business they are in and should also do a thorough market search before introducing any new product. Secondly the mission statement should be made from a customer perspective and the mission of McDonalds is clearly defining that they have made their mission statement while k eeping their tooshieed customers in mind. Thirdly an organization must make sure that its mission statement reflects the core value and beliefs of an organization and the McDonalds mission statement is clearly defining that it provides convenience when people need and want to eat good quality fast food at reasonable price in a pleasant environment. The fourth way to assess the mission statement of an organization is to define what sustainable competitive gain an organization has over its competitors and one of the McDonalds competitive advantages is it focuses on the consistency of the quality, the use of raw materials and the production of food all around the world. Lastly an organization should summarize the strategic approach they would use in order to achieve the strategic aims and objectives of an organization. McDonalds has design certain strategic approaches to achieve its aims and objectives like the utilization of technology, the defined proceed routines and maintaining the competitive advantage (Lynch, 2006).Factors Affecting the Strategic PlanThere are certain factors that affect the McDonalds corporation so much that their role in cause the strategies cannot be ignored and these factors are political, economical and social factors. The political factors affect the organization in divers(prenominal) ways like the international operations of McDonalds are highly influenced by the single state policies enforced by each government. For instance different countries focus on different areas of concern like the histrion protection, health and the environment. All these elements are in the control of government and considers when giving a license of the restaurant in different countries (Bateman and Scott, 2004).Different organizations in the fast food industry have their individual concerns involving economic factors. The different branches and the franchises of McDonalds have the tendency to experience difficulties where the economy of certain co untries hit by the inflation and the changes in the exchange rate. Therefore, if a franchise operates in a particularly economically weak country, then these franchises must make certain adjustments in their strategies to maintain the economies of carapace (Sustar and Sustar, 2005).The social factors also affect the strategies of an organization. McDonalds cater variety of customers with different types of personalities in different countries. McDonalds uses different concepts of consumer behavior like product personality and purchasing decisions of consumers to make proper strategies, so that it can attract new customers and satisfy their existing customers in order to achieve its aims and objectives efficiently (Bateman and Snell, 2004).LO2) Evaluate the resource Strategies to meet the desired Future Strategic Position2.1) A Range of Strategic Analysis tools to Audit Progress towards strategic Aims and ObjectivesThe marketing audit is very essential for an organization as it pro vides the backbone strategic analysis that supports corporate decision making process and it also tells the current position of an organization. The SWOT analysis is one of the auditing tools that are use to analyze the internal as well as the external factors of an organization that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve the objectives of an organization (Aaker, 1997).The biggest strength of McDonalds is its banging market share, strong brand image and reputation, strong financial performance and position in the food industry, friendly environment for customers and the practice of going parking area has made it possible for McDonalds to gain more fame all around the world. The weaknesses of McDonalds are it had to face certain legal action because of using trans-fat and beef oil that can negatively affect its brand image, other weaknesses of McDonalds are it offers the variety of junk food which is considered as a very un thinking(a) food among people and it is also losing its customers overdue to the increase competition (Peter and Donnelly, 2007).There are certain opportunities as well for McDonalds like through globalization open more profitable restaurants, it could also make itself more innovative by offering deals that appeal to new customers, and other opportunity is that in the last few decades there is a long growth in the fast food industry has been observed. Like some opportunities there are certain threats as well that McDonalds faces like the health professionals accuses McDonalds because of increase health issues of diabetes, high cholesterol heart attacks and obesity. Another threat for McDonalds is the competitors market share of the company some(prenominal) internationally and domestically (Peter and Donnelly, 2007).2.2) The Expectations of major Stockholders and their Influence upon the organizational StrategyThe major stockholders like the top management, customers and suppliers influence the organizational strategies in different w ays. So for this the top management should establish a superior strategic decision process throughout the company so that the strategies can evolve and flourish consistently over time. All the strategic preferences that increase the value for both the customers and the share holders are highly desirable and should increase the growth of any organization. For instance, McDonalds rapid withdrawal of its fifty-five cent hamburger campaign, which separated franchises without creating much new customer loyalty or demand, was a costly but necessary decision to avoid further slander to share holder value (Hill and Jones, 2009)The divergence arises when the manager face choices that involve real trade-offs between the customer and the share holder value. Let say if a proposal to increase customers or customer value will reduce the shareholder value, then it should be rejected. For example with increasing awareness about the food and the importance of the balanced diet, if McDonalds would start advance people to opt for low calorie food with high fiber content then people might appreciate McDonalds for giving this awareness and people will might change their eating patterns and slide by less on fast food. This would be beneficial for customers but not for the shareholders and this would gives rise to conflict that would disparage the organizational strategy (Hill and Jones, 2009).Suppliers play a vital role in achieving the organizations aims and objectives and also influence the strategy of an organization and it is believed that suppliers success is an integral to an organizations success (Webster, 2002). So an organization should remember that suppliers cannot be expected to support their plan with an organizations plan unless organizations have shared its strategic plans with suppliers.2.3) Analyze, Interpret and Produce a Structured Evaluation of the Organizational Strategic PositionThe challenges that McDonalds faces are as the food industry is continuously growing the competitors are entering into the market with competitive prices not only internationally but domestically also and due to this McDonalds can lose its customers as well as its market share. The other difficulty that McDonalds is facing is the increasing awareness about the food and the importance of the balanced diet nowadays people are opting for low calorie food and changing their eating patterns by consuming less fast food and this is because there are competitors that provide the low calorie food at the prices almost the same as McDonalds and due to this McDonalds can lose its customers (Freidman, 1999).McDonalds can achieve competitive advantage by using three generic strategies of cost leadership, differentiation and focus. The competitive advantage can be achieved by differentiating the products from those of competitors and McDonalds is differentiated by its brand name and brand images of Big Mac and Ronald McDonald. Another way to achieve competitive advantage f rom those of competitors is through low costs and McDonalds provides substantial entry barriers from economies of scale and cost advantages which clearly define that McDonalds follow the cost leadership strategy. Organizations can achieve competitive advantage through targeting their products by a broad target, thereby covering most of the market place, or they can focus on a narrow target in the market. McDonalds target market is broad almost covering the most of the market and not focusing a particular market (Porter, 1998)PEST/EL is an analysis of the external macro environment in which a business operates. The operations of McDonalds in each country are highly influenced by the individual country policies enforced by each government and every country has its own political affects on the organization and its operations. The economic factors are also different in different countries that affect the organizations strategies like the different franchises of McDonalds in different co untries have to face different problems due to the change in economic environment (McDonalds, 2011).McDonalds run its operations in more than 100 countries which mean it serves variety of consumers with different cultures and personalities. So McDonalds cannot use only one strategy for all its food chains, the strategy might not be completely different but differs with respect to the social environment. The technology has greatly helped McDonalds in providing quick service to its customers. The internalisation of technology in the operations of McDonalds tends to add value to their products. The social responsibilities of McDonalds on the country are influential to the operations of the company and these involve allegations of environmental damage with such claims like the using non-biodegradable substances for their drinks glasses and the Styrofoam coffers for the meals. McDonalds also had to face certain legal actions because of using trans-fat and beef oil and this could easily harm the reputation of the McDonalds all over the world (McDonalds, 2011).LO3) Decide the Strategy and Justify the Selection to meet the Required Future Strategic Position3.1) Develop a Range of Alternative Strategic Options to meet Strategic Aims and ObjectivesThe fast food industry is often criticized because of its role in creating numerous health problems like obesity, cholesterol and diabetes and was thought to be the driving force for the unhealthy eating disorders. These days customers are becoming more aware of the nutritional values and the health benefits of the products they are consuming. So in order to achieve strategic aims and objectives McDonalds should come up with greater variations in its menu and offer healthier food like sandwiches and salad and innovative fresh juices for the health conscious people.There are many competitors in the industry because of the rapid growth of the fast food industry all over the world and these competitors are offering almost the si milar products and services at almost similar prices. So if McDonalds wants to achieve its strategic aims and objectives and wants to attract new customers as well as retain the existing customers then it need to focus more on the strategies that attract more children to their restaurants by offering toys that are most desired among children with a happy meal because this would help them in retaining their customers.McDonalds should also see what similar products the other competitors are offering and try to offer something very innovative product that no other competitor is providing or as well as that attract the customers.McDonalds should also start separate McCafes for teenagers and college going students and the ambience of that caf should reflect the different colors of youth. McDonalds should also introduce more variety in the existing range of milk shakes and smoothies and also introduce a variety in java and offer innovative high quality and refreshing products at a reason able price that attracts the young people.3.2) Determine and Justify the Strategic Option that meets the rewrite Strategic PositionAmong the four strategic options that were given above the first option and that is McDonalds should offer healthier food like sandwiches and salad and innovative fresh juices is the best option for McDonalds to achieve the strategic aims and objectives in the food industry because of the increasing health problems like heart attack, obesity, cholesterol and diabetes. As the awareness about the nutritional values, health benefits and the benefits of low calorie food with high fiber content has increased among people and due to this people have started changing their eating patterns and spend less on junk food that the fast food chains are providing.McDonalds need to introduce a healthier menu that emphasize the healthy side of McDonalds and should also introduce the low calorie variations of all its burgers and make its fries healthier by using the righ t kind of oil, then do the aggressive promotion of the new menu variety in order to cope with the health concerns related with its products. This would help McDonalds to achieve its strategic aims and objectives efficiently as well as it would proof that McDonalds has the capability to change with the environment and the consumers preferences and lastly this would also enhance the brand image of the McDonalds in the consumers mind.

Technology of MRI Scanners

Technology of magnetic resonance imaging ScannersINTRODUCTIONMagnetic Instrumentations are the hardware in the system component of MRI that very significant in the production of Magnetic Resonance (MR) mental pictures. It act together with the software program such(prenominal) as pulsing sequence and image formation program to complete the process including nuclear alignment, Radio Frequency (RF) excitation, spatial encoding and image formation. The example of hardware in MR imaging are magnet, RF source, magnetic athletic playing area incline system, computer system, and image processor.MRI INSTRUMENTATION1. Define gauss, tesla, and electromagnetic spectrum1.1 GaussGauss (G) is the older unit of flux density or the unit of paltry magnetic welkin strength. 1 Gauss can be define as 1 line or flux per cm2 (Willis, 2009).1.2 TeslaTesla unit is the favorite(a) SI unit in larger magnetic guinea pig and it can be define as the field strength of 1 Weber per m2. 1 Tesla is equal to 10 000 Gauss (Willis, 2009).1.3 Electromagnetic spectrumElectromagnetic spectrum is a continuum of all electromagnetic waves or energy arrange according to frequency and wavelength. In MRI, radiofrequency (RF) refers to that portion electromagnetic spectrum which can be generated by alternating current fed to an antenna (Hardiman, 2005).2. Define paramagnetic, diamagnetic and extremely magnetic2.1 ParamagneticParamagnetic material such as Ferum, Magnesium and Gadolinium have unpaired electron resulting in positive magnetic susceptibility which bring forth small magnetic momen. Paramagnetic ion induced large fluctuating magnetic field in external magnetic field. Commonly, Gadolinium (Gd) is affaird as a MR contrast agent (Ballinger, 1998).2.2 DiamagneticDiamagnetic materials have paired electrons such as water, wood, glass, and gold which show no net magnetic moment with the absent of magnetic field. Non magnetic material apace repels the field when placed in magnetic field, res ulting in small negative magnetic susceptibility which contribute to the loss of house in MRI (Ballinger, 1998).2.3 Super magneticSuperparamagnetic materials such as iron oxide can be used as t2* as it has magnetic susceptibility slightly heightser than paramagnetic ( minor positive) and dispirit than ferromagnetic material (high positive). It causes large magnetic moment in the presence of external magnetic field but no remnant magnetic moments when the field is zero (Ballinger, 1998).3. Describe 3 types of magnet and give advantages and disadvantages of each3.1 Superconducting magnetSuperconducting magnet have high field strength up to 3.0 T in clinical scanner while 9.4 T in research facility. It is as well high in field homogeneity over largest volume. As it provide high field strength, it cause high signal to noise ratio and also fast scanning. It gives low power consumption as it always produce a magnetic field and electric current without primary source (Blink, 2004).Supe rconducting magnet is high in capital cost and cryogenic cost. It also produces acoustic noise, bowel movement artifact and technical complexity as susceptibility effect is increased when imaging moves to higher field strength (Blink, 2004).3.2 Resistive magnetThe resistive magnets unremarkably have open designs which make it light weight and overcome claustrophobia among the patient. It been shut off when not in used to conserve the power (Blink, 2004).However, it has limited field strength which below than 0.2 T and low overall volume of homogenous field. It needs high power consumption and has large fringe field (Blink, 2004). piddle cooling is required because large amount of heat are generated to produce the magnetic field by an electromagnet (Wang, n.d).3.3 Permanent magnetPermanent magnets have low power consumption and low operating cost. It also cause small fringe field and does not use cryogen (Wang, n.d).Permanent magnets have limited field strength which is below than 0.3T and give no quench possibility. It is quite heavy and may require reinforced flooring to site the system, particularly if the magnet is not located at ground level (Blink, 2004).4. Discuss field strength in relation to image contrastIn general, image quality is ground on contrast resolution and noise which influence by the field strength of magnet. High field strength provides more signal-to-noise ratio than low field strength. It allows fast imaging that reduces patient motion so that better spatial resolution and image contrast (Thomas Magee, 2003).5. Discuss purpose of gradient in MRIMainly, the gradient is used to either de course or rephase the magnetic moment of nuclei (Guang Cao, n.d). It also used for slice selection, gradient refocusing, gradient echoes, and gradient moment nulling. It also can spatially lieu (encoding) signal along the long axis of the anatomy called Frequency Encoding as well as spatially locating (encoding) signal along the short axis of the anat omy called Phase Encoding (ASRT, 2008).6. Discuss the purpose of cryogenCryogen is used in MRI to supercool the electrical conductor in superconductive magnet. It is because a quench cause a rapid loss of static magnetic field in MRI (Blink, 2004). So, the cryogen usually liquid helium and round liquid nitrogen is used to ensure the temperature as low as -269c (-452c) are achieve (C.L. Dennis, 2009).7. Discuss the type and purpose of shielding and shimmingIn MRI, RF shielding use copper shielding or Faraday cage to reduce the transmission of electric or magnetic fields from one piazza to another. Meanwhile, magnetic shielding used to reduce the level of RF radiation that enter or leaves the shielded room (Hipskind, 2009). Passive magnetic shielding use a steel plate while active magnetic shielding employ additional solenoid electromagnet to reduce the area affected by the fringe field (ETS.LINDGREN, 2009).Shimming is used to remove small inhomogeneities which present in the magnet ic field (Z. Ren, 2009). It uses metal discs or plates in passive shimming to get magnetic field to a particular level of homogeneity and additional solenoid magnet in active shimming to optimize for each patient examination (D. Tomasi, 2009).8. Discuss construction, use and selection of linear, quadrature, phase start, multichannel, transmits or receive coil and receive coil onlyLinear or step up coil consist of single or double circle of copper wire that use to improve SNR when examine the structure near the skin surface such as temporo-mandibular joint, orbit or shoulder (Blink, 2004).Quadrature or peckerly polarized coils contain at least two curves of wire which commonly used today that produce 2 more signal than single loop coil (Zhou, n.d).Phased array coils consist of multiple surface coils which have the highest SNR but limited sensitive area (Zhou, n.d).Multichannel or Helmholtz coil have pair of circular coil that widely used in MRI because of its fairly uniform magn etic field (Zhou, n.d).Transmit/receive coil transmit RF consequently change to a receive mode to receive the MR signal. It allows acquisition of more slices and reduce artifact. It has complex design and decrease consonance over volume of worry (Spring, 2005).Receive only coil design only receive MR signal using body coil as a transmitter and they include surface and phased array coil. It has simple design which used together with the transmit body coil to provide uniform excitation over the entire volume of sake (Spring, 2005).9. Explain the principle of magnetism, the specific of MR instrumentality, and hardware required for MR imaging9.1 Principle of magnetismMagnetism not just occurs in ferromagnetic substances like iron. In an external magnetic field, magnetization can occur in tissue but it disappears when the field is removes (Michael N.Hoff, n.d).9.2 Specific of MR instrumentationAncillary equipment needs an additional instrumentation for scanning such as ECG leads and respiratory bellows as well as the power injector. It also supplies patient monitoring like ECG, pulse oximetry and fiber optic while patient transportation provide a wheelchairs, stretchers, patient table and step stool (ASRT, 2008).9.3 Hardware required for MR imaging otherwise than magnet, gradient and radio frequency system, the hardware required for MR imaging is the computer. It hold backs all the system and has the pulse control unit as well as array processor for fourier transform and 2D and 3D imaging. Computer also stored the data in the hard drive as well as processing and discussion it (ASRT, 2008).10. Explain MRI imaging chainDiagram1 Schematic diagram of MRI imaging chain (Anonymos, n.d).Mainly, the central computer controls the scanning operation. It specifies the shape of gradient and RF waveform as well as the timing to be used. Then, the information is passes to the waveform generator before the signal is passes to be amplified and sent to the coils. Once nuclea r magnetic resonance signal has been phase, it is sensitively detected and turned to a digital signal by analogue to digital converter. The image is displayed on a monitor by and by digital signal sent to image processor for Fourier transformation (Anonymos, n.d).The signal before Fourier transformation called raw data is stored to enable the application of corrections in the post processing. Matrix sizes of 2n are usually used to allow the use of fast Fourier transformation (Anonymos, n.d).11. Describe MRI quality assurance programThe valuation of all MRI system should be done prior to and following installation. It must be monitor at least annually to ensure comme il faut functioning and high-quality diagnostic images are produced (ASRT, 2008).For the performance evaluation, it should include the tests phase stability, magnetic field homogeneity, calibration of all RF coils, image signal-to-noise ratio and uniformity for all coils, inter-slice RF interference, artifact evaluat ion, hardcopy and softcopy fidelity, spatial resolution and low contrast object detectability, magnetic field gradient calibration, intensity for all volume coil, claim processor quality control, physical and mechanical inspection, and evaluation of MRI safety (Geoffrey D. Clarke, 2002).In quality control program, the physicist/MR scientist should assist annually on the RF calibration and image SNR and uniformity for the head coil, film processor QC, physical and mechanical inspection, magnetic field gradient calibration, and hardcopy and softcopy fidelity. The corrective action is taken if the parameter fall outside control limit (Geoffrey D. Clarke, 2002).The protocol of acceptance testing include the evaluation of the coil and follow-up procedure or written survey propound from the physicist/ MR scientist to the physicians and to the responsible professional (ASRT, 2008).CONCLUSIONIn MRI system, a magnet is required for nuclear alignment, radio frequency source for excitation, magnetic field gradient system for spatial encoding, computer system for image formation process as well as the user interface, and image processor to convert signal into images. This hardware plays important role along the software program like pulse sequence and image formation program to produce the MR images. However, to ensure befitting functioning and high-quality diagnostic images produce, the MRI system should be evaluated through Quality Assurance (QA) program because if there are parameter falls outside control limit, immediate corrective action is taken.

Explore How Much Ado About Nothing Present Ideas About Love English Literature Essay

Explore How Much Ado About Nothing Present Ideas About Love English Literature EssayFiguratively, the fair lord represents tenuous passion and the woman represents lust. These two types of go to sleep ar contrasted against each other, which allows the reader to evaluate and think about the bases each type of come presents. However, where is the humanity indoors this sonnet? There is no mention of humans one throne exactly be classed as an angel or a devil. How would one go about attaining an angel, one of the purest cosmoss that dwells in heaven? Perhaps the position that Shakespeare has likened the fair lord to an angel is for the simple fact that he bottom of the inningnot attain him, that pure respect bottomnot be attained.This idea of likening jockey to something that is unattainable is replicated in Much Ado About Nothing. Shakespeare has the character Claudio fall in erotic love with friend at first sight. When Benedick asks Claudio if he will profane her, he repliesCan the world buy much(prenominal) a jewel?Despite likening Hero to something as perfect as a jewel, again there is no humanity in spite of appearance a jewel. Combined with the idea that the world shtupnot, in fact, buy this jewel seems to suggest that Hero (this completely pure virgin) is unattainable. Perhaps Shakespeare is trying to suggest that if you compare love with wonderful and perfect objects then you simply substance abuse be able to attain it, just like you cannot attain an angel or a priceless jewel.This idea is applicable in modern society. In Much Ado, Hero is portrayed as this completely pure and innocent virgin. Being compared to that of unattainable priceless jewels, Shakespeare highlights how a woman like Hero (in mop up to cases) is unattainable. In todays modern society it would probably be extremely rare to find a woman like Hero, whereas perhaps in Shakespeares time it was more than than(prenominal) common, especially if the woman was of high social status. champion might say that there was more of an expectation for women to behave in certain agencys during Elizabethan England. However Shakespeare added the character of Margaret to his play, perhaps to juxtapose the expectations society held for a high class woman to that of an ordinary servant. Margaret seems to represent more of a realistic absorb on how love and relationships will be, not pure and perfect, but flawed and tainted (by material love).Shakespeare seems to allude that a more pragmatic and realistic hear to love is needed in order for it to succeed. Sonnet one hundred thirty takes more of a practical view to love. Its meaning is simple the dark ladys beauty cannot esteem up to the beauty of a goddess or to that found in nature, for she is a mortal human being. Shakespeare rejects deification of the dark ladyI grant I never saw a goddess goMy mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground.Here the poet everywheretly states that his mistress is not a goddess and cannot even begin to rank close to one. Although this seems to be extremely unflattering, it is also the truth. After all, no mortal being can actually compare to a god or a goddess. She is also not as beautiful as things found in natureMy mistress eyes are nothing like the sunCoral is uttermost more red than her lips red.Yet Shakespeare loves her in spite of this, and in the closing couplet says that she is actually as extraordinary (rare) as any woman depicted with such overstated or false comparisons. Shakespeare has accepted the fact that his mistress is not perfect and that she will indeed have flaws, but so does he. Sonnet 130 may be suggesting that if you recognise and accept the fact that love will have flaws and is not some perfect idealistic emotion, then the likelihood of the love lasting is more likely.This blunt but charming sincerity is also seen in Much Ado amongst Beatrice and Benedick. These two characters have never been harming with each other, an d whenever they meet, they often continue a merry war between them. They have known each other of old and seem to enjoy fence insults at each other, using them to show their true feelings of fondness towards one another. When the playw well(p) strikes his characters confess to one another there is no employment of untenanted indite, just simple prose. Beatrice and Benedicks confessions seem to go against the stereotypical, grand Shakespearian love confessionsI protest I love theeI was about to protest that I loved youThese two characters appear to be aware of their downfalls and seem to have a mutual respect between them. The love between these two seems to be more realistic than the bashful sincerity and comely love that exists between Hero and Claudio. However, because of this there appears to be more room for Beatrice and Benedicks love to grow.Shakespeare seems to favour the idea of love as an actuality than an ideal because he appears to suggest that thinking of love as an i deal will end in tragedy. In Sonnet 116 Shakespeare refers to love asthe star to every wandering bark.While the image given to us by the poet is initially one of constancy, the idea that love will fade those who follow it to their desired destination, one must question the feasibility of it. Stars reside up in Space, and while it is true that they can be use to forget direction (in the case of the North Star, Polaris), one can never touch a star. In fact, one would never be able to get close to a star, as it is a mass of sheering gas that would have you severely burned before you could even attempt to get near it. Because of this, you can never attain a star and so perhaps with this line in the sonnet Shakespeare is trying to say that, although love has the potential to be this wonderful, flash ideal like a star, the actuality is that if you blindly follow this ideal then you will get hurt.Another point about stars is that they will eventually burn out and die, they do not last forever. This seems to create a contradiction in Sonnet 116 as the overall theme of this sonnet appears to be how perpetual and everlasting love is. Shakespeare even goes so far as to say thatLoves not Times fool,Yet stars are always falling victim to time, being ravaged and then eventually destroyed by it. This seems rather ironic and seems to reinforce the idea of love being something that is unattainable, especially if you cling on to the spot that love is something that is constant, perfect and pure.Not only does Shakespeare mention Polaris in Sonnet 116, but he also mentions it in Act 2, Scene One of Much Ado where the character Benedick is claiming that Beatricewould infect the north star.The fact that the character of Beatrice is so nasty that she can influence something that is not even accessible puts her in a very negative light. After all, if she can excise something as bright and pure as a star, then she can affect anything. This claim not only appears to besmirch Be atrices reputation, but the idea of pure love itself. Perhaps Shakespeare introduces this idea of pure love being impressionable so early on in his play to make the audience visualise realism in love. One may argue that this quote highlights just how advantageously influenced pure love can be, and how it can be tainted.Sonnet 144 continues the idea that pure love can be taintedAnd whether that my angel be turned fiendSuspect I may, yet not directly tell.Shakespeare could be suggesting how easy it is for pure love to be contaminated by that of physical love. Perhaps he is suggesting that it is not possible to just have the former because an impure aspect will eventually sully it. Though love can bring out the best in all of us, it can also cloud our judgement and expose the worst in all human beings.Claudio is used by Shakespeare to illustrate this point further. This character is constantly subjected to the emotion of jealousy. During the masked ball, Claudio readyly takes Benedi cks statement of, The prince hath got your Hero to mean that Don Pedro has betrayed him and wooed Hero for his own. Later on in the play, Don John convinces Claudio that Hero is having an affair. Rather than proceeding with matters in a calm and mature manner, Claudio decides to exact revenge on their spousal relationship day. This immediate change of heart in Claudio makes one question the strength of the love Claudio holds for his fiance. One moment he is completely infatuated with her, referring to her as a jewel, yet the character is calling Hero a rotten orange and accusing her of being an approvd wanton the next. Claudios ideas of love being this perfect ideal are shattered over the events that occur in the play, yet he seems to grow because of this. Shakespeare made it so that Claudio had to learn to appreciate Hero, and for him to realise that not all can be perfect when it comes to love. Because of this, when the two characters closingly get married at the end of the play the audience is given the impression that their relationship actually has a foundation on which to can flourish, as opposed to the unstable relationship that was likely to happen between these two had they gotten married on the original wedding day.Shakespeare uses a vast array of proficiencys within his sonnets and Much Ado that highlight how love really is an unattainable, perfect ideal. All of Shakespeares sonnets consist of three quatrains and a final rhyming couplet which is composed in iambic parameter. The rhyme scheme for the sonnets are ABAB. Sonnet 144 is no exception to this, and is constructed in the usual Shakespearean sonnet manner. Perhaps the poet chose this conventional method of writing the sonnet because the ideas presented within the sonnet are conventional. It is not to hard to imagine becoming disillusioned between the two types of love, as we all yearn for something permanent and lasting, a pure love, yet humans also succumb to temptation and can fall victim to the desire for a purely physical encounter. As these two types of love both offer something completely different, one must struggle to choose the right one, which Shakespeare says is the pure love presented by the fair lord. However as I mentioned earlier, it is not possible to attain an angel. The fact that Sonnet 144 is written this way is rather ironic as the poet is writing about his conflicting emotions and the disorder that they bring, yet iambic pentameter suggests order and harmony. Perhaps Shakespeare could be suggesting that you can attempt to make love a perfect and ordered ideal but the reality is that you will, in most cases, have some element of discord.In my opinion I feel that Sonnet 130 utilises iambic pentameter to maximum effect. Shakespeare has admitted that his mistress is not perfect, yet he loves her nonetheless. This view the poet appears to hold, that love is better thought of as an actuality, seems to suggest that love will be much stronger this way. Rat her than have everything be perfect, if you know about the others imperfections and accept them, then you will achieve harmony within your relationship. This is why I feel that the use of iambic pentameter is essential in this sonnet it highlights the fact that this type of love is more likely to provide certificate and a sense of order, despite not being a perfect ideal.Iambic pentameter is also used in Much Ado, to elevate the importance of love in the play. When Claudio is confessing how he feels about Hero, he claims that when he looked upon herthronging soft and delicate desires,All prompting me how fair young Hero isCame to him. As this happens early on in the play, the audience seems to get the (wrong) impression of harmony in the relationship of Claudio and Hero being prominent. Yet maybe the playwright deliberately did this to emphasise the fact that the complex emotion of love cannot be completely ordered when the characters relationship falls apart.In direct contrast with this, the seemingly more ordered love Shakespeare gives to Beatrice and Benedick is written in simple prose. At no point in the play do Beatrice and Benedick speak in blank verse to one another, this suggests that the two characters are comfortable with one another and perhaps feel a sense of security between them. Perhaps the playwright only utilised prose between this couple to accentuate the fact that the characters do not view love as a perfect, ordered ideal.A subtle technique Shakespeare uses to define his characters and the type of love that they are likely to have is by their names. Benedicks name comes from the Latin word bene meaning good and darned. Beatrices name also has a similar meaning the one who blesses. The love between Beatrice and Benedick is portrayed as a more realistic view on love, yet finally they seem happy together. While they have attained love, they do not view the emotion as a perfect ideal and so perhaps this is why their relationship is so strong. Shakespeare may have been trying to convey how this view on love is more likely to last and be blessed by the clever use of these two characters names.Conversely, the supposed love at first sight that Shakespeare portrays between Claudio and Hero is hinted at as being more chaotic. Claudios name is derived from the Latin word claudus which means lame or crippled. The playwright may have chosen this name for his character to illustrate how this type of love has no real support, how it is more likely to be crippled. It may also suggest that Claudios view on love, which is that it is a perfect and pure emotion, is rather handicapped. Claudio seemed persuade that Hero must be an utterly pure human being in order for them to attain love, but as I have antecedently mentioned a woman with these qualities is hard to find. This short sighted view on love appears to make Claudio unable when it comes to matters of love, for example taking Don Johns word over Heros when it comes to her allege d affair. It seems that Claudios judgement becomes clouded where love is concerned, and so he had to learn how to appreciate it.Thus, I feel that overall Shakespeare is trying to say that if one is to consider love only as a perfect ideal then they will not attain it, for love is a complex emotion that is far from perfection. However, if one considers love to be more of an actuality and can accept that themselves, their partner and their relationship is bound to have a few imperfections, then love can be attained. Just because love may not be perfect doesnt mean that we shouldnt strive to attain it.

Emerson Essay -- essays research papers fc

In Emersons boldness we see the crowning work of the transcendentalist movement. In this rig Emerson explains his belief in the innate divinity of humanness and defines our "Self-Reliance" as the broad identity in which we personally participate. Emerson challenges his readers to non conform to traditional practices in a assortment of realms. However, he punctuates just four aspects of these challenges to tradition and they argon religion, education, art, and society. I found these passages to be the best representatives of Emersons ideology due to their poignancy and numbered paragraphs. He talks of these challenges to man as revolutions due to a greater self-reliance. The profoundness of thought in this piece is surprising to me given the historical period Emerson was bathed in. His thoughts on genius argon the means of conveyance for his ideal about nonconformity and originality. Also, the personal and activated tie-in with which Emerson uses to convey original tho ughts and ideas is app arnt in his evaluation of great minds of the past.     The starting signal passage regards the challenge to revolutionize religion and more importantly, to discount the practice of request and creeds. He says, "Prayer that craves a particular commodity, anything less than all good, is ferocious" (Robinson 102). He is basically announcing his contempt for the pious nature man has come to start and his belief that we should not pray for things we can achieve ourselves. He goes on to say, "But prayer as a means to effect a snobby end is meanness and theft. It supposes dualism and not unity in nature and mind" (Robinson 102). He is equating prayer with begging to God and believes it is not needed when you die ane with God and therefore can see prayer in all productive actions. Prayer for Emerson creates a distinction between himself and God and does not allow for the self to become one with nature and consciousness. He alike critiques mans practice of creeds and he believes the practice of one negates all others and vice versa. He says creeds are "a disease of the intellect" (Robinson 103). Whereas prayer is a disease of the will, creeds finish a habitual complacency in the life of man which allows only for the teachings of one particular idea. This is intellectual death for Emerson. To not only have to beli... ...hat is cognise is not valuable and not beneficial, and what is unknown is original, daring, valuable and great. The greatness resides inside of us and we must excavate it by means of constant reevaluation of our principles and virtues, without regarding foreign influences.      In conclusion, I believe Emersons applicable challenges can be identified as his in the lead arguments when concerned with individual and personal revolution. His views on religion, education, art, and society are explicated through his gifted intuitional understanding and reason. By reasoning to the reader through vivid examples which are apparent and self-evident, he creates the proof for his understanding of reasons uses to oppugn what we are perceived to know. The personal connection to Emerson is clear in his engaging emotional remark in which we can simply recognize as his essence for the original, misunderstood, and individual contributions great minds of the past have made. RALPH WALDO EMERSONSelf-RelianceWORKS CITEDRobinson, David M. The Spiritual Emerson, essential Writings. Ed. David M. Robinson. Boston Beacon Press, 2003. Emerson Essay -- essays research papers fc In Emersons Self-Reliance we see the crowning work of the transcendentalist movement. In this piece Emerson explains his belief in the innate divinity of man and defines our "Self-Reliance" as the broad identity in which we personally participate. Emerson challenges his readers to not conform to traditional practices in a variety of realms. However, he punctuat es just four aspects of these challenges to tradition and they are religion, education, art, and society. I found these passages to be the best representatives of Emersons ideology due to their poignancy and numbered paragraphs. He talks of these challenges to man as revolutions due to a greater self-reliance. The profoundness of thought in this piece is surprising to me given the historical period Emerson was bathed in. His thoughts on genius are the means of conveyance for his ideal about nonconformity and originality. Also, the personal and emotional connection with which Emerson uses to convey original thoughts and ideas is apparent in his evaluation of great minds of the past.     The first passage regards the challenge to revolutionize religion and more importantly, to discount the practice of prayer and creeds. He says, "Prayer that craves a particular commodity, anything less than all good, is vicious" (Robinson 102). He is basically announcing hi s contempt for the pious nature man has come to have and his belief that we should not pray for things we can achieve ourselves. He goes on to say, "But prayer as a means to effect a private end is meanness and theft. It supposes dualism and not unity in nature and consciousness" (Robinson 102). He is equating prayer with begging to God and believes it is not needed when you become one with God and therefore can see prayer in all productive actions. Prayer for Emerson creates a distinction between himself and God and does not allow for the self to become one with nature and consciousness. He also critiques mans practice of creeds and he believes the practice of one negates all others and vice versa. He says creeds are "a disease of the intellect" (Robinson 103). Whereas prayer is a disease of the will, creeds perform a habitual complacency in the life of man which allows only for the teachings of one particular idea. This is intellectual death for Emerson. To not onl y have to beli... ...hat is known is not valuable and not beneficial, and what is unknown is original, daring, valuable and great. The greatness resides inside of us and we must excavate it through constant reevaluation of our principles and virtues, without regarding foreign influences.      In conclusion, I believe Emersons applicable challenges can be identified as his leading arguments when concerned with individual and personal revolution. His views on religion, education, art, and society are explicated through his gifted intuitional understanding and reason. By reasoning to the reader through vivid examples which are apparent and self-evident, he creates the proof for his understanding of reasons uses to question what we are perceived to know. The personal connection to Emerson is clear in his engaging emotional remark in which we can simply recognize as his affection for the original, misunderstood, and individual contributions great minds of the past ha ve made. RALPH WALDO EMERSONSelf-RelianceWORKS CITEDRobinson, David M. The Spiritual Emerson, Essential Writings. Ed. David M. Robinson. Boston Beacon Press, 2003.